coordianation and response- key terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Define central nervous system (CNS)

A

consists of the brain and spinal cord, which are the areas of coordination.

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2
Q

Define peripheral nervous system (PNS)

A

comprises nerves and neurones, which coordinate and regulate body functions.

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3
Q

types of neurones: define nerve impulse

A

an electrical signal that passes along the nerve cells called neurones

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4
Q

types of neurones: define axons

A

Ensure less time is wasted when the impulse is transferred from one neurone to another

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5
Q

types of neurones: define dendrities

A

Extensions which form a network for easy communication.

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6
Q

types of neurones: define motor neurone

A

Carry impulses from the CNS to effectors (muscles or the glands)

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7
Q

types of neurones: define sensory neurone

A

Carry impulses from the sense organs (sensory receptors) to the CNS.

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8
Q

types of neurones: define relay neurone (Interneurone)

A

The middleman inside the CNS connects sensory to motor neurones.

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9
Q

Define reflex action

A

automatically and rapidly integrates and coordinates the stimuli with the responses of effectors (muscles and glands).

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10
Q

Define synapse

A

a junction between two neurones, consisting of a gap across which impulses pass by diffusion of a neurotransmitter

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11
Q

Define sense organ

A

groups of receptor cells responding to specific stimuli: light, sound, touch, temperature, and chemicals

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12
Q

Define cornea

A

refracts light

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13
Q

Define Iris

A

controls how much light enters the pupil

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14
Q

Define lens

A

focuses light onto the retina

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15
Q

Define retina

A

contains light receptors, some sensitive to light of different colours (Rods and cones)

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16
Q

Define optic nerve

A

carry impulses to the brain

17
Q

Define pupil

A

A hole which allows light to enter

18
Q

Define hormones

A

A chemical substance produced by a gland and carried by the blood, altering the activity of one or more specific target organs.

19
Q

Define the hormone and function of Adrenal gland

A

horomone: Adrenaline
function: Prepares the body for vigorous action

20
Q

Define the hormone and function of Pancreas

A

hormone: Insulin
function: Reduces the concentration of glucose in the blood

20
Q

Define the hormone and function of Testes

A

hormone: Testosterone
function: Causes the development of male sexual characteristics

20
Q

Define the hormone and function of Ovary

A

hormone: Oestrogen
function: Causes the development of female sexual characteristics

21
Q

Define the hormone and function of Pancreas

A

hormone: Glucagon
function: Increases concentration of glucose in the blood

22
Q

Define homeostasis

A

The maintenance of a constant internal environment.

23
Q

Define negative feedback

A

controls the production of hormones and regulates their own production

24
Q

Define type one diabetes

A

caused by the death of the cells that secrete insulin.

25
Q

Define auxin

A

Plant hormones or growth substances
Controls tropisms
It is produced by cells at the tip of the roots and shoots of plants

26
Q

Define gravitropism

A

a response in which a plant grows towards (positive) or away (negative) from gravity.

27
Q

Define phototropism

A

a response in which a plant grows towards (positive) or away (negative) from the direction light is coming.

28
Q

Define insulation

A

provided by fatty tissue retains heat. Hairs become erect to trap warm air by contracting erector muscles and vice versa.

29
Q

Define vasodilation

A

when it is hot, arterioles, which supply blood to the skin-surface capillaries, dilate (become wider) to allow more blood near the skin surface to increase heat loss (face redder)

30
Q

Define vasoconstriction

A

when it is cold, arterioles, which supply blood to the skin-surface capillaries, constrict (become smaller) to allow less blood near the skin surface to decrease heat loss

31
Q

Define sweating

A

the water evaporates, giving a cooling effect

32
Q

Define skin receptors

A

sense heat, and sensory neurons send impulses to the hypothalamus

33
Q

Define shivering

A

muscular activity generates heat

34
Q

Define sweat glands

A

Producing sweat to regulate heat.

35
Q

Define thermoregulatory centre

A

the hypothalamus controls corrective mechanisms (e.g. sweating and shivering).