inheritance- key terms Flashcards

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1
Q

Define Chromosomes

A

made of DNA, which contains genetic information in the form of genes

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2
Q

Define Gene

A

a length of DNA that codes for a protein

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3
Q

Define Allele

A

an alternative form of a gene

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4
Q

Define Haploid nucleus

A

a nucleus containing a single set of unpaired chromosomes (e.g., sperm and egg)

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5
Q

Define Diploid nucleus

A

a nucleus containing two sets of chromosomes (e.g., in body cells)

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6
Q

Define DNA

A

controls cell function by controlling the production of proteins, including enzymes, membrane carriers, and receptors for neurotransmitters

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7
Q

Define Mitosis

A

The nuclear division gives rise to genetically identical cells

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8
Q

Define stem cells

A

unspecialised cells that divide by mitosis to produce daughter cells that can become specialised for specific functions

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9
Q

Define Meiosis

A

Reduction division in which the chromosome number is halved from diploid to haploid

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10
Q

Define inheritance

A

The transmission of genetic information from generation to generation.

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