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Human physiology (2) > Reproduction: key aspects > Flashcards

Reproduction: key aspects Flashcards

1
Q

What is reproductions role in homeostasis?

A

No role

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2
Q

What is dimorphism?

A

2 sexes of the same species are physically distinct

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3
Q

What do gonads produce?

A

Gametes - sperm and eggs

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4
Q

What is the chromosome:autosome pair ratio?

A

1:22

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5
Q

What is the role of the testes and ovaries? (2)

A

Produce gametes

Secrete sex hormones

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6
Q

What are male and female gametes called?

A

Male: Spermatozoa
Female: ova

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7
Q

Are gametes haploid or diploid?

A

Haploid - 22 autosomes, 1 sex chromosome

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8
Q

Are zygotes haploid or diploid?

A

Diploid - 44 autosomes, 2 sex chromosomes

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9
Q

What are the steps in gametogenesis? (6)

A
  1. Mitosis - normal cell division
  2. DNA replicated once
  3. Cells undergo division once
  4. Meiosis - cell division to produce gametes
  5. DNA replicate once
  6. Cells undergo division twice
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10
Q

What is the gene that determines sex?

A

srY - if present testes, if not ovaries

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11
Q

What does the srY gene code for?

A

Testis-determining factor - foetus develops testes

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12
Q

What are the 2 different male and female ducts that precursor tracts?

A

Male: Wolffian ducts
Female: Müllerian ducts

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13
Q

What occurs if srY gene is present? (2)

A

Testes:

  • testosterone
  • Müllerian-inhibiting substance
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14
Q

What occurs if the srY gene is not present? (2)

A
  1. No testosterone - Wolffian duct degenerates

2. Müllerian duct forms vagina

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15
Q

What does adolescence mean and when does is it end?

A

Inability to produce

10-14 years

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16
Q

What does puberty mean (3) and when does it start?

A

Sexual maturation
Reproductive organs mature (produce gametes)
Secondary sexual characteristics develop

10-14 years, later in boys

17
Q

What occurs in the female reproductive cycle? (3)

A
  • Female reproductive system cycle
  • Female lose ability to reproduce around 45-50
  • Menopause: loss of female reproductive capacity
18
Q

What are the secondary sexual characteristics? (5)

A

Males - broad shoulders
Females - curvier hips

Presence/absence of facial hair

Testosterone in males
Oestrogen in females

19
Q

What are the 3 types of sex?

A

Genetic sex - determined by XX or XY
Gonadic sex - determined by presence of ovaries/testes
Phenotypic sex - the apparent anatomic sex of an individual

20
Q

When does genetic sex not = phenotypic sex? (4)

A
  • Testes development fails
  • Testicular feminisation syndrome - lack of testosterone receptors
  • Genetic deficiency in the conversion of testosterone to DHT
  • Adrenal gland secretes weak androgen

Human physiology (2) (22 decks)

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