Digestion and absorption of food Flashcards
What are the 3 main food stuff categories?
Carbs
Proteins
Fats
What are the 3 main food stuff categories?
Carbs
Proteins
Fats
What is digestion and where does it take place?
Serves to convert complex foodstuffs into manageable units for absorption
Mouth and stomach
What is absorption?
Serves to extract useful substances from the intestinal contents
What organs are involved in digestion? (4)
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Stomach
How is the pancreas involved in digestion?
Produces enzyme rich secretion and an aqueous alkaline secretion
What is the function of bicarbonate and why is this necessary? (3)
Neutralise acid chyme
Digestive enzyme activity
Micelle formation
Protecting duodenal mucosa
Where does carbohydrate digestion occur? (2)
Begins in mouth
Small intestine - pancreatic a-amylase
Where does protein digestion and absorption occur?
Digestion begins in the stomach
- endpeptidases
- exopeptidases
What is digestion and where does it take place?
Serves to convert complex foodstuffs into manageable units for absorption
Mouth and stomach
What is absorption?
Serves to extract useful substances from the intestinal contents
What organs are involved in digestion? (4)
Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Stomach
How is the pancreas involved in digestion?
Produces enzyme rich secretion and an aqueous alkaline secretion
What is the function of bicarbonate and why is this necessary? (3)
Neutralise acid chyme
Digestive enzyme activity
Micelle formation
Protecting duodenal mucosa
Where does carbohydrate digestion occur? (2)
Begins in mouth
Small intestine - pancreatic a-amylase
What is pancreatitis?
Acute - autodigestion of pancreas by secreted enzymes
Chronic - alcohol abuse
How are amino acids absorbed?
Passive diffusion and facilitated transport
How are fats digested?
Pancreatic lipase - water soluble so can emulsify fats
What are the products of fats once emulsified by pancreatic lipase? (2)
Monoglycerides
Free fatty acids - form a micelle
What controls the pancreatic secretions? (3)
Vagus nerve
Secretin
Cholycystokinin
What inhibits pancreatic secretions?
Somatostatin
What is lactose insufficiency?
Intolerance to lactose - diarrhoea
What is gluten enteropathy?
Gluten in diet causes mucosal damage
