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Human physiology (2) > Digestion and absorption of food > Flashcards

Digestion and absorption of food Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 main food stuff categories?

A

Carbs
Proteins
Fats

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2
Q

What are the 3 main food stuff categories?

A

Carbs
Proteins
Fats

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3
Q

What is digestion and where does it take place?

A

Serves to convert complex foodstuffs into manageable units for absorption
Mouth and stomach

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4
Q

What is absorption?

A

Serves to extract useful substances from the intestinal contents

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5
Q

What organs are involved in digestion? (4)

A

Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Stomach

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6
Q

How is the pancreas involved in digestion?

A

Produces enzyme rich secretion and an aqueous alkaline secretion

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7
Q

What is the function of bicarbonate and why is this necessary? (3)

A

Neutralise acid chyme

Digestive enzyme activity
Micelle formation
Protecting duodenal mucosa

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8
Q

Where does carbohydrate digestion occur? (2)

A

Begins in mouth

Small intestine - pancreatic a-amylase

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9
Q

Where does protein digestion and absorption occur?

A

Digestion begins in the stomach

  • endpeptidases
  • exopeptidases
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10
Q

What is digestion and where does it take place?

A

Serves to convert complex foodstuffs into manageable units for absorption
Mouth and stomach

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11
Q

What is absorption?

A

Serves to extract useful substances from the intestinal contents

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12
Q

What organs are involved in digestion? (4)

A

Liver
Pancreas
Gallbladder
Stomach

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13
Q

How is the pancreas involved in digestion?

A

Produces enzyme rich secretion and an aqueous alkaline secretion

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14
Q

What is the function of bicarbonate and why is this necessary? (3)

A

Neutralise acid chyme

Digestive enzyme activity
Micelle formation
Protecting duodenal mucosa

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15
Q

Where does carbohydrate digestion occur? (2)

A

Begins in mouth

Small intestine - pancreatic a-amylase

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16
Q

What is pancreatitis?

A

Acute - autodigestion of pancreas by secreted enzymes

Chronic - alcohol abuse

17
Q

How are amino acids absorbed?

A

Passive diffusion and facilitated transport

18
Q

How are fats digested?

A

Pancreatic lipase - water soluble so can emulsify fats

19
Q

What are the products of fats once emulsified by pancreatic lipase? (2)

A

Monoglycerides

Free fatty acids - form a micelle

20
Q

What controls the pancreatic secretions? (3)

A

Vagus nerve
Secretin
Cholycystokinin

21
Q

What inhibits pancreatic secretions?

A

Somatostatin

22
Q

What is lactose insufficiency?

A

Intolerance to lactose - diarrhoea

23
Q

What is gluten enteropathy?

A

Gluten in diet causes mucosal damage

Human physiology (2) (22 decks)

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