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Human physiology (2) > Acid-base balance in the respiratory system > Flashcards

Acid-base balance in the respiratory system Flashcards

Carbon dioxide transport and pH regulation pH and its associated relationships Henderson-Hasselbalch equation Acidosis, alkalosis, respiratory, metabolic, compensated, and uncompensated Rectifying acid-base imbalance

1
Q

What is the % distribution of plasma in the respiratory system?

A

10% - dissolved in plasma
30% - carbaminohaemoglobin
60% - bicarbonate

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2
Q

What is carbaminohaemoglobin? (4)

A

Hb + CO2 Hb.CO2

  • CO2 binds to the globin portion
  • When O2 leaves CO2 binds
  • Weak bond for release in alveoli
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3
Q

What is bicarbonate?

A

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 HCO3- + H+

  • CO2 is more soluble than O2
  • Carbonic anhydrase accelerates the reaction!!
  • Important for the acid base balance of the blood
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4
Q

What are the reactions of CO2 in the RBC? (3)

A
  • Dissolved CO2 reacts with water to form HCO3- + H+
  • H+ is removed by binding to Hb: Hb + H+ HHb
  • More dissolved CO2 reacts and more bicarbonate is formed
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5
Q

What are the properties of a CO2 dissociation curve?

A
  1. Linearity of the curve
  2. Saturation of Hb with O2
  3. Arterial - 5.3kPa
  4. Venous - 6.0kPa
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6
Q

What are the pH ranges for blood?

A

7.35 7.45

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7
Q

What are the normal ranges of nmol/L for blood?

A

35.5 44.7nmol/L

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8
Q

What is the pH like in gastric, pancreatic and intracellular compared to blood?

A

Blood: 7.4
Gastric: 1.1
Pancreatic: 8.8
Intracellular: 6.8-7.2

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9
Q

What is the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?

A

CO2 + H2O H2CO3 HCO3- + H+

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10
Q

What is the equation for pH?

A

pK + log(HCO3-)/(H2CO3)

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11
Q

What can occur with an acid imbalance? (4)

A

Respiratory acidosis

  • Caused by a decrease in respiratory stimuli
  • Hypoventilation, short shallow breathing
  • H+ excretion and HCO3- reabsorption increase
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12
Q

What can occur with an alkali imbalance? (4)

A

Respiratory alkalosis

  • Hyperventilation
  • Deep rapid breathing
  • H+ reabsorption and HCO3- excretion increase
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13
Q

What happens when metabolic acidosis occurs?

A

Observed in uncontrolled diabetes

  • Ketone bodies are formed
  • Increased ventilation, increased H+ reabsorption, increased HCO3- reabsorption
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14
Q

What happens when metabolic alkalosis occurs?

A

Caused by nausea, diarrhoea, vomiting etc

  • Decreased ventilation
  • Increased H+ reabsorption, HCO3- excretion
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Human physiology (2) (22 decks)

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