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Human physiology (2) > Body fluids, electrolyte balance and the basics of kidney function > Flashcards

Body fluids, electrolyte balance and the basics of kidney function Flashcards

Describe how total body water is distributed between intracellular, extracellular and vascular compartments Describe the factors influencing disposition of fluid in the body Describe the distribution of ions across a physiological membrane List the basic physiological functions/roles of the kidney

1
Q

What are the 2 types of body fluids?

A

Intra and extra cellular fluid

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2
Q

What is intracellular fluid? (3)

A

Represents all fluid inside of cells
Provides stable medium for normal cell functioning
2/3 of total body fluids

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3
Q

What is extracellular fluid? (4)

A

Represents all fluids outside of cells
Plasma, interstitial fluid
Transcellular fluid
1/3 of total body fluids

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4
Q

What is homeostasis?

A

Mechanisms which control the internal environment to keep conditions in the body relatively constant

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5
Q

What is the ratio of fluids in the body?

A

Intra cellular - 40% (out of 60%)

Extracellular: interstitial 15%, plasma 5%

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6
Q

What is the difference between plasma and interstitial fluid?

A

Higher concentration of proteins present in plasma

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7
Q

What is responsible for the osmotic gradient across capillary walls and what else does it do?

A

Plasma proteins

Counteracts hydrostatic pressure of capillary blood

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8
Q

What are the 2 forces that influence the exchange of water between body parts?

A

Hydrostatic pressure

Colloid osmotic pressure

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9
Q

What is colloid osmotic pressure?

A

The hydrostatic pressure which is applied to the compartment containing solute, to prevent net entry of water

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10
Q

What is hydrostatic pressure equal to?

A

The fluid pressure of the solution

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11
Q

What is osmolality and what is its units?

A

Concentration per unit weight of water

mosmoles/kg H2O

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12
Q

What pump maintains a concentration gradient within a cell?

A

Active Na+/K+ transport pump

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13
Q

What does the osmolality of extracellular fluid depend on?

What does the osmolality of intracellular fluid depend on?

A

Extracellular: Na+ content
Intracellular: K+ content

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14
Q

What are the 2 ions in extracellular fluid and what do they do?

A

Na+: key role in fluid and electrolyte balance

Cl-: regulates osmotic pressure ans renard réabsorption of Na+

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15
Q

What are the 2 main ions in intracellular ions and what do they do?

A

K+ (lots): mairitaing intracellular volume and regulates pH

Anions

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16
Q

What is the composition of ions in extracellular and intracellular environments? (3x2)

A

: :Extracellular Intracellular
Na+: 142mmol/L 12mmol/L
Cl-: 103mmol/L 4mmol/L
K+: 4mmol/L 150mmol/L

17
Q

What 2 factors are regulated to maintain extracellular fluid balance?

A

Volume

Osmolality

18
Q

Why must extracellular volume be regulated? (2)

A

Maintain blood pressure

Maintain Salt balance

19
Q

Why must extracellular osmolality be regulated? (2)

A

Prevent shrinking/swelling of cells

Maintain water balance

20
Q

How does the kidney play a part in regulating fluid balance in the body? (2)

A

Maintains salt and water balance

21
Q

Where are the kidneys located?

A

Lumbar region

22
Q

What are the physiological roles of the kidney? (7)

A

Removal of wastes, toxic substances and drugs
Production of urine
Determination of salt balance
Determination of fluid content
Production of hormones involved in BP regulation
Production of RBCs
Long term BP control

23
Q

What is the kidney surrounded by?

A

Tough protective fibrous renal capsule

24
Q

What passes through the notch in the kidney? (5)

A 
Renal artery
Renal vein
Nerves
Pelvis
Ureter
25
Q

What is the renal cortex? (3)

A

Outer region of the kidney
Initial steps of urine formation are located there
Contains renal tubules

26
Q

What is the renal medulla? (2)

A

Inner region of the kidney

Made of striated traingles - renal pyramids

27
Q

What is the blood supply situation? (2)

A

Single renal artery from abdominal aorta

Single renal vein draining into inferior vena cava

28
Q

How much cardiac output does the kidney receive?

A

20%

29
Q

What is the blood flow ratio of cortex:medulla?

A

cortex 90:10 medulla

Human physiology (2) (22 decks)

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