Reproduction/Inheritance Flashcards
Sexual reproduction increases ____ ____ by ____ ____ of both parents together
Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity by “shuffling” genes of both parents together
The ____ daughter cells resulting from meiosis are ____ and ____ ____. The daughter cells resulting from mitosis are _____ and ____ to the parent cell.
The four daughter cells resulting from meiosis are haploid and genetically distinct. The daughter cells resulting from mitosis are diploid and identical to the parent cell.
Meiosis
Generating haploid cells for reproduction
a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells
Homologous chromosomes
The matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism
diploid
describes a cell, nucleus, or organism containing two sets of chromosomes (2n)
haploid
describes a cell, nucleus, or organism containing one set of chromosomes (n)
gamete
a haploid reproductive cell or sex cell (sperm or egg)
when gametes are combined during sexual reproduction they…..
reconstitute the diploid state.
crossing over/ recombination
homologous chromosomes recombine to further shuffle genetic information
the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes resulting in chromosomes that incorporate genes from both parents of the organism forming reproductive cells
During meiosis chromosomes segregate ____ and ____.
independently and randomly
genotype
the complete set of genes an individual possesses
Phenotype
the resulting trait from the expression of the alleles of genes
Allele
a variant of a gene that causes a certain trait (eg Yellow (Y) vs Green (y)
Dominant
always expressed
Recessive
expressed only in the homozygous recessive state (eg. yy)
Heterozygous
having alleles for both dominant and recessive trait
The heterozygous individual can pass on either ____ or ____ traits but will show the ____ of the ____ trait
dominant or recessive traits but will show the phenotype of the dominant trait
Homozygous
having both of the same allele
The homozygous individual will show traits of either the ____ or the ____
individual will show traits of either the dominant allele or the recessive allele.
For example, YY=yellow pea color and (yy) green pea color.
P generation
true breeding parental strains of peas
F1
filial 1 generation resulting from the PxP cross
F2
Filial 2 generation resulting from the F1xF1 cross
The resulting traits of the offspring in a test cross can be _____.
observed
phenotypic ratios
the ratios of visible characteristics
Genotypic ratios
the ratios of the alleles within a cross
