Reproduction/Inheritance

Question 1

Sexual reproduction increases ____ ____ by ____ ____ of both parents together

Answer 1

Sexual reproduction increases genetic diversity by “shuffling” genes of both parents together

Question 2

The ____ daughter cells resulting from meiosis are ____ and ____ ____. The daughter cells resulting from mitosis are _____ and ____ to the parent cell.

Answer 2

The four daughter cells resulting from meiosis are haploid and genetically distinct. The daughter cells resulting from mitosis are diploid and identical to the parent cell.

Question 3

Meiosis

Answer 3

Generating haploid cells for reproduction

a nuclear division process that results in four haploid cells

Question 4

Homologous chromosomes

Answer 4

The matched pairs of chromosomes in a diploid organism

Question 5

diploid

Answer 5

describes a cell, nucleus, or organism containing two sets of chromosomes (2n)

Question 6

haploid

Answer 6

describes a cell, nucleus, or organism containing one set of chromosomes (n)

Question 7

gamete

Answer 7

a haploid reproductive cell or sex cell (sperm or egg)

Question 8

when gametes are combined during sexual reproduction they…..

Answer 8

reconstitute the diploid state.

Question 9

crossing over/ recombination

Answer 9

homologous chromosomes recombine to further shuffle genetic information

the exchange of genetic material between homologous chromosomes resulting in chromosomes that incorporate genes from both parents of the organism forming reproductive cells

Question 10

During meiosis chromosomes segregate ____ and ____.

Answer 10

independently and randomly

Question 11

genotype

Answer 11

the complete set of genes an individual possesses

Question 12

Phenotype

Answer 12

the resulting trait from the expression of the alleles of genes

Question 13

Allele

Answer 13

a variant of a gene that causes a certain trait (eg Yellow (Y) vs Green (y)

Question 14

Dominant

Answer 14

always expressed

Question 15

Recessive

Answer 15

expressed only in the homozygous recessive state (eg. yy)

Question 16

Heterozygous

Answer 16

having alleles for both dominant and recessive trait

Question 17

The heterozygous individual can pass on either ____ or ____ traits but will show the ____ of the ____ trait

Answer 17

dominant or recessive traits but will show the phenotype of the dominant trait

Question 18

Homozygous

Answer 18

having both of the same allele

Question 19

The homozygous individual will show traits of either the ____ or the ____

Answer 19

individual will show traits of either the dominant allele or the recessive allele.

For example, YY=yellow pea color and (yy) green pea color.

Question 20

P generation

Answer 20

true breeding parental strains of peas

Question 21

F1

Answer 21

filial 1 generation resulting from the PxP cross

Question 22

F2

Answer 22

Filial 2 generation resulting from the F1xF1 cross

Question 23

The resulting traits of the offspring in a test cross can be _____.

Answer 23

observed

Question 24

phenotypic ratios

Answer 24

the ratios of visible characteristics

Question 25

Genotypic ratios

Answer 25

the ratios of the alleles within a cross