Intro/Chem of Living Things

Question 1

Living things share the following characteristics:

Answer 1

Order
Sensitivity
Reproduction
Adaptation
Growth/Development
Regulation
Homeostasis
Energy Processing

Question 2

Order:

Answer 2

atoms —>
molecules—>
organelles—>
cells—>
tissue—>
organs & organ systems

Question 3

Sensitivity/response to stimuli

Answer 3

(movement toward stimulus = pos response) light or touch

Question 4

Reproduction

Answer 4

Duplicating DNA

Question 5

Adaption

Answer 5

(fit to environment. ex; moth nectar feeding tongue length similar to flower depth)

Question 6

Growth/Development

Answer 6

Organisms grow and develop according to specific instructions coded for by their genes.

Question 7

Regulation

Answer 7

(transport of nutrients/ response to stimuli/ coping with environmental stresses)

Question 8

Homeostasis

Answer 8

(cells require proper temperature, pH, concentration of diverse chemicals)

Question 9

Energy Processing/ metabolism

Answer 9

All organisms use a source of energy for their metabolic activities. ( sun or food )

Question 10

What are the three domains of life?

Answer 10

Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya

Question 11

An atom is defined as

Answer 11

the smallest and most fundamental unit of matter.

Question 12

An atom is composed of

Answer 12

a nucleus surrounded by electrons. (they form molecules)

Question 13

A molecule is defined as

Answer 13

a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond.

Question 14

A molecule is composed of

Answer 14

many atoms

Question 15

Fats, carbohydrates, Proteins and DNA are examples of

Answer 15

(macromolecules)

the fundamental molecular components of organisms

Question 16

Lipids/Fats used in cell for

Answer 16

store energy long term, provide insulation

Question 17

3 types of carbohydrates

Answer 17

Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides

Question 18

carbohydrates purpose

Answer 18

energy

Question 19

how are proteins used in a cell?

Answer 19

may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective; they may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes

Question 20

4 levels of protein structure.

Answer 20

Primary

Secondary

Tertiary

Quaternary

Question 21

Explain the Primary level of protein structure.

Answer 21

The unique sequence and number of amino acids in a polypeptide chain

Question 22

Explain the Secondary level of protein structure.

Answer 22

Folding patterns resulting from interactions between the non-R group portions of amino acids

Question 23

Explain the Tertiary level of protein structure.

Answer 23

three-dimensional folding pattern of protein due to side chain interactions

Question 24

Explain the Quaternary level of protein structure.

Answer 24

protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain

Question 25

DNA -

Answer 25

the genetic material found in all living organisms

Question 26

H2O Polarity

Answer 26

Polarity - Half the molecule is positive and half is negative. The polarity of the water molecule makes it an effective solvent and is important in its many roles in living systems.

Question 27

H2O Adhesion

Answer 27

Adhesion - the attraction between water molecules and other molecules (blood adhering to vessels)

Question 28

H2O Cohesion

Answer 28

Cohesion - water molecules are attracted to each other (because of hydrogen bonding)
Cohesive and adhesive forces are important for sustaining life. For example, because of these forces, water can flow up from the roots to the tops of plants to feed the plant.

Question 29

H2O Heat

Answer 29

Heat -Evaporation of sweat, which is 90 percent water, allows for cooling of an organism, because breaking hydrogen bonds requires an input of energy and takes heat away from the body water moderates temperature changes within organisms and in their environments

Question 30

H2O Frozen state

Answer 30

Frozen state -ice is less dense than liquid water (the molecules are farther apart). This means that ice floats on the surface of a body of water

Question 31

H2O pH (acidity)

Answer 31

pH (acidity) - Most cells in our bodies operate within a very narrow window of the pH scale, typically ranging only from 7.2 to 7.6. If the pH of the body is outside of this range, the respiratory system malfunctions, as do other organs in the body. Cells no longer function properly, and proteins will break down. Deviation outside of the pH range can induce coma or even cause death.

Question 32

Monosaccharides

Answer 32

simple sugar with 3-6 carbon atoms

Question 33

Disaccharides

Answer 33

Two monosaccharides joined together

Question 34

polysaccharide

Answer 34

A long chain of monosaccharides linked by covalent bonds