Intro/Chem of Living Things Flashcards
Living things share the following characteristics:
Order
Sensitivity
Reproduction
Adaptation
Growth/Development
Regulation
Homeostasis
Energy Processing
Order:
atoms —>
molecules—>
organelles—>
cells—>
tissue—>
organs & organ systems
Sensitivity/response to stimuli
(movement toward stimulus = pos response) light or touch
Reproduction
Duplicating DNA
Adaption
(fit to environment. ex; moth nectar feeding tongue length similar to flower depth)
Growth/Development
Organisms grow and develop according to specific instructions coded for by their genes.
Regulation
(transport of nutrients/ response to stimuli/ coping with environmental stresses)
Homeostasis
(cells require proper temperature, pH, concentration of diverse chemicals)
Energy Processing/ metabolism
All organisms use a source of energy for their metabolic activities. ( sun or food )
What are the three domains of life?
Archaea, Bacteria, Eukarya
An atom is defined as
the smallest and most fundamental unit of matter.
An atom is composed of
a nucleus surrounded by electrons. (they form molecules)
A molecule is defined as
a chemical structure consisting of at least two atoms held together by a chemical bond.
A molecule is composed of
many atoms
Fats, carbohydrates, Proteins and DNA are examples of
(macromolecules)
the fundamental molecular components of organisms
Lipids/Fats used in cell for
store energy long term, provide insulation
3 types of carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
Disaccharides
Polysaccharides
carbohydrates purpose
energy
how are proteins used in a cell?
may be structural, regulatory, contractile, or protective; they may serve in transport, storage, or membranes; or they may be toxins or enzymes
4 levels of protein structure.
Primary
Secondary
Tertiary
Quaternary
Explain the Primary level of protein structure.
The unique sequence and number of amino acids in a polypeptide chain
Explain the Secondary level of protein structure.
Folding patterns resulting from interactions between the non-R group portions of amino acids
Explain the Tertiary level of protein structure.
three-dimensional folding pattern of protein due to side chain interactions
Explain the Quaternary level of protein structure.
protein consisting of more than one amino acid chain