Body Systems Flashcards
Homeostasis
The body is able to regulate temperature in response to signals from the nervous system.
The human excretory system is made up of
kidneys
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra
The kidneys filter ____ and form ____, which is stored in the ____ until it is eliminated through the ____.
The kidneys filter blood and form urine, which is stored in the bladder until it is eliminated through the urethra
Digestion of food begins in the ____.
mouth
Food is masticated by ____and moistened by ____ secreted from the ____ ____.
Food is masticated by teeth and moistened by saliva secreted from the salivary glands.
____ in the saliva begin to digest ____ and ____. With the help of the ____, the resulting ____ is moved into the ____ by ____.
Enzymes in the saliva begin to digest starches and fats. With the help of the tongue, the resulting bolus is moved into the esophagus by swallowing.
The stomach has an extremely ____ environment where most of the ____ gets digested.
The stomach has an extremely acidic environment where most of the protein gets digested.
large intestine functions:
1) reabsorbs water from undigested food
2) stores waste until it is eliminated
Air enters the ____ ____ through the ____ ____,
then passes through the ____ and the ____ into the ____.
Air enters the respiratory system through the nasal cavity, then passes through the pharynx and the trachea into the lungs.
Mucociliary escalator
specialized, ciliated cells that move mucus out of the respiratory tract
The heart is divided into:
Four chambers:
2 atria
2 ventricles
Each chamber of the heart is separated by
one-way valves
The right side of the heart…
The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs.
The left side of the heart…
pumps blood to the body
(other than lungs)
The arteries of the body start at the ____ ____ and branch to supply the ____ and ____ of the body with ____ ____.
The arteries of the body start at the aortic arch and branch to supply the organs and muscles of the body with oxygenated blood.
The veins of the body…
The veins of the body carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.
____ transport oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs.
Pulmonary veins
____ move deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
Pulmonary arteries
pituitary gland location
base of the brain just above the brain stem.
parathyroid glands location
the posterior of the thyroid gland.
adrenal glands location
on top of the kidneys.
pancreas location
between the stomach and small intestine
endocrine system parts
adrenal glands
pituitary gland
parathyroid glands
pancreas
The axial skeleton,
consists of:
bones of the skull
ossicles of the middle ear
hyoid bone
vertebral column
thoracic cage
appendicular skeleton consists of:
“appendages”
bones of the pectoral limbs
pectoral girdle
pelvic limb
pelvic girdle
Sutures
fibrous joints found only in the skull.
Cartilaginous joints
bones connected by cartilage, such as between vertebrae.
Synovial joints
the only joints that have a space or “synovial cavity/synovial fluid” in the joint
A skeletal muscle fiber is surrounded by a ____ ____ called the ____, with a ____ called the ____.
A skeletal muscle fiber is surrounded by a plasma membrane called the sarcolemma, with a cytoplasm called the sarcoplasm.
A muscle fiber is composed of many ____ packaged into orderly units called a ____.
A muscle fiber is composed of many fibrils packaged into orderly units called a Sarcomere
The orderly arrangement of the proteins in each unit gives the cell its ____ appearance.
striated
Neurons
specialized cells OF the nervous system
dendrites
short branched extensions that receive information from the synapse
axons
long extensions that transmit info to the synapse
The cerebral cortex includes:
frontal lobe
parietal lobe
temporal lobe
occipital lobe
frontal lobe is responsible for
Smell, planning movement
Parietal lobe is responsible for
Somatosensation:
speech
pressure
reading
orientation
touch
temperature
Temporal lobe is responsible for
sounds
occipital lobes are responsible for
vision
Parasympathetic and Sympathetic responses are
mediated by the ____ ____.
endocrine system
Parasympathetic and Sympathetic responses are ____ to each other.
antagonistic
Sympathetic nervous system AKA
“Fight or Flight”
Parasympathetic nervous system AKA
“Rest and Digest”
Activation of the sympathetic nervous system causes release of ____ on the target organ.
norepinephrine
Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system causes release of ____ or ____ on the target organ.
acetylcholine or nitric acid
Sympathetic Nervous System when activated:
Dilates pupil
Inhibits salivation
Increases heart rate
Dilates bronchi
Inhibits digestion
Stimulates glycogen breakdown
Inhibits contraction of bladder
