Body Systems

Question 1

Homeostasis

Answer 1

The body is able to regulate temperature in response to signals from the nervous system.

Question 2

The human excretory system is made up of

Answer 2

kidneys
ureter
urinary bladder
urethra

Question 3

The kidneys filter ____ and form ____, which is stored in the ____ until it is eliminated through the ____.

Answer 3

The kidneys filter blood and form urine, which is stored in the bladder until it is eliminated through the urethra

Question 4

Digestion of food begins in the ____.

Answer 4

mouth

Question 5

Food is masticated by ____and moistened by ____ secreted from the ____ ____.

Answer 5

Food is masticated by teeth and moistened by saliva secreted from the salivary glands.

Question 6

____ in the saliva begin to digest ____ and ____. With the help of the ____, the resulting ____ is moved into the ____ by ____.

Answer 6

Enzymes in the saliva begin to digest starches and fats. With the help of the tongue, the resulting bolus is moved into the esophagus by swallowing.

Question 7

The stomach has an extremely ____ environment where most of the ____ gets digested.

Answer 7

The stomach has an extremely acidic environment where most of the protein gets digested.

Question 8

large intestine functions:

Answer 8

1) reabsorbs water from undigested food

2) stores waste until it is eliminated

Question 9

Air enters the ____ ____ through the ____ ____,
then passes through the ____ and the ____ into the ____.

Answer 9

Air enters the respiratory system through the nasal cavity, then passes through the pharynx and the trachea into the lungs.

Question 10

Mucociliary escalator

Answer 10

specialized, ciliated cells that move mucus out of the respiratory tract

Question 11

The heart is divided into:

Answer 11

Four chambers:
2 atria
2 ventricles

Question 12

Each chamber of the heart is separated by

Answer 12

one-way valves

Question 13

The right side of the heart…

Answer 13

The right side of the heart receives deoxygenated blood from the body and pumps it to the lungs.

Question 14

The left side of the heart…

Answer 14

pumps blood to the body
(other than lungs)

Question 15

The arteries of the body start at the ____ ____ and branch to supply the ____ and ____ of the body with ____ ____.

Answer 15

The arteries of the body start at the aortic arch and branch to supply the organs and muscles of the body with oxygenated blood.

Question 16

The veins of the body…

Answer 16

The veins of the body carry deoxygenated blood from the body to the heart.

Question 17

____ transport oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs.

Answer 17

Pulmonary veins

Question 18

____ move deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.

Answer 18

Pulmonary arteries

Question 19

pituitary gland location

Answer 19

base of the brain just above the brain stem.

Question 20

parathyroid glands location

Answer 20

the posterior of the thyroid gland.

Question 21

adrenal glands location

Answer 21

on top of the kidneys.

Question 22

pancreas location

Answer 22

between the stomach and small intestine

Question 23

endocrine system parts

Answer 23

adrenal glands
pituitary gland
parathyroid glands
pancreas

Question 24

The axial skeleton,
consists of:

Answer 24

bones of the skull

ossicles of the middle ear

hyoid bone

vertebral column

thoracic cage

Question 25

appendicular skeleton consists of:

Answer 25

"appendages" bones of the pectoral limbs pectoral girdle pelvic limb pelvic girdle

Question 26

Sutures

Answer 26

fibrous joints found only in the skull.

Question 27

Cartilaginous joints

Answer 27

bones connected by cartilage, such as between vertebrae.

Question 28

Synovial joints

Answer 28

the only joints that have a space or “synovial cavity/synovial fluid” in the joint

Question 29

A skeletal muscle fiber is surrounded by a ____ ____ called the ____, with a ____ called the ____.

Answer 29

A skeletal muscle fiber is surrounded by a plasma membrane called the sarcolemma, with a cytoplasm called the sarcoplasm.

Question 30

A muscle fiber is composed of many ____ packaged into orderly units called a ____.

Answer 30

A muscle fiber is composed of many fibrils packaged into orderly units called a Sarcomere

Question 31

The orderly arrangement of the proteins in each unit gives the cell its ____ appearance.

Answer 31

striated

Question 32

Neurons

Answer 32

specialized cells OF the nervous system

Question 33

dendrites

Answer 33

short branched extensions that receive information from the synapse

Question 34

axons

Answer 34

long extensions that transmit info to the synapse

Question 35

The cerebral cortex includes:

Answer 35

frontal lobe parietal lobe temporal lobe occipital lobe

Question 36

frontal lobe is responsible for

Answer 36

Smell, planning movement

Question 37

Parietal lobe is responsible for

Answer 37

Somatosensation: speech pressure reading orientation touch temperature

Question 38

Temporal lobe is responsible for

Answer 38

sounds

Question 39

occipital lobes are responsible for

Answer 39

vision

Question 40

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic responses are mediated by the ____ ____.

Answer 40

endocrine system

Question 41

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic responses are ____ to each other.

Answer 41

antagonistic

Question 42

Sympathetic nervous system AKA

Answer 42

"Fight or Flight"

Question 43

Parasympathetic nervous system AKA

Answer 43

"Rest and Digest"

Question 44

Activation of the sympathetic nervous system causes release of ____ on the target organ.

Answer 44

norepinephrine

Question 45

Activation of the parasympathetic nervous system causes release of ____ or ____ on the target organ.

Answer 45

acetylcholine or nitric acid

Question 46

Sympathetic Nervous System when activated:

Answer 46

Dilates pupil Inhibits salivation Increases heart rate Dilates bronchi Inhibits digestion Stimulates glycogen breakdown Inhibits contraction of bladder