More animal diversity Flashcards
Nematoda example
round worms
Nematoda possess
Mouth
Pharynx
Intestine
Ventral nerve
Reproductive organs
Protective cuticle.
Most nematoda are ____ ____ and involved in ____ ____. Some are ____ and cause ____.
Most nematoda are free living and involved in nutrient recycling. Some are parasitic and cause infection.
Arthropoda examples
insects, crustaceans
Arthropoda characteristics
Largest phylum
functional segmentation of the body
the presence of jointed appendages
exoskeleton made principally of chitin
coelom takes the form of a hemocoel (or blood cavity).
Open circulatory system
Examples of mollusca
clams, barnacles, octupus, snail
Mollusca attributes
Asymmetrical
Gil – oxygen exchange
Radula – scrapes food particles
Nephridia- excretion of waste
GI tract –have “gastric torsion”
Circulatory system
Reproductive organs
Mollusca Classes
Aplacophora
Monoplacophora
Polyplacophora
Bivalvia
Gastropoda
Cephalopoda
Scaphopoda. (“boat feet”)
Quality of mollusca class Aplacophora
shell-less and marine. Found worldwide
Quality of mollusca class Monoplacophora
have a single, cap-like shell enclosing the body.
Quality of mollusca class Polyplacophora
bear an armor-like, eight-plated shell
Ex of mollusca class Bivalvia
(“two shells”) clams, oysters, mussels, scallops, and geoducks.
Ex of mollusca class Gastropoda
(stomach foot)- snails, slugs, conchs, sea hares
Ex of mollusca class Cephalopoda
(“head foot” animals)- octopuses, squids, cuttlefish, and nautilus.
mollusca class Scaphopoda are also known as ____ ____
“boat feet”
Annelida are ___
segmented worms
Annelida traits
Bilaterally symmetrical
Circular and longitudinal muscles
Complete digestive system
Found in marine, terrestrial, and freshwater habitats
Protected by a cuticle (unlike nematodes it is thin enough to grow and does not need to shed)
Chaetae- chitinous hairlike extensions from the cuticle
Closed circulatory system with muscular pumping “hearts”
Can be monoecious (earthworms/ leaches) or diecious (polycheates)
classes of annelida
Polychaeta and Clitellata
Chordata examples
mammals, cephalochordates
Echinodermata examples
sea star, sea urchins, sea cucumbers
Echinoderm traits
Radially symmetrical
water vascular system.- central ring that extends to each arm for gas, nutrient and waste exchange – regulated by the madreporite
“Tube feet,” which protrude through openings in the endoskeleton to allow for movement
Four common features appear at some point in chordate development:
Notochord
dorsal hollow nerve cord
Pharyngeal slits
post-anal tail
note
(some of these traits are present only during embryonic development)
dorsal hollow nerve cord:
Derived from ectoderm
develops into the brain and spinal cord
Pharyngeal slits
openings in the pharynx
2 types of cordates
vertebrate /Invertebrate
Invertebrate cordate example
lancelet
early vertebrate example
agnathans (Class Agnatha) represented today by lampreys
The two major groups of living fishes are the classes
Chondrichthyes Osteichthyes
Chondrichthyes
Cartilaginous fishes have a flexible skeleton made of cartilage, multiple external gill slits, placoid scales do not grow (only in number)
Osteichthyes
skeleton reinforced by hard calcium salts, single gill slit, scales (if present) grow in size
A second evolutionary branch of bony fishes closest relatives to terrestrial vertebrates includes ____ and ____
lungfishes and lobe-finned fishes
African Lungfish
Young have gills,
adults have lungs. Can live
for many months without
water
Coelacanth
Thought to be extinct until on was
caught in 1938. Deep sea trench
Dweller, can use its fins to “walk.”
Class Amphibia traits
The first terrestrial vertebrates collectively called tetrapods, which means “four legs”
Exhibit a mixture of aquatic and terrestrial adaptations
Usually need water to reproduce since eggs do not contain an amnion (membrane in egg)
reptile Adaptations for living on land include
Scales to prevent dehydration
Lungs for breathing
The amniotic egg
T or F
Reptiles are endotherms
F
Reptiles are ectotherms
Class Aves
Birds
Class Aves traits
Bones are honeycombed
Some specific organs are absent
Endothermic
No urea
T or F
Bird anatomy and physiology are not modified for flight
F
Bird anatomy and physiology are modified for flight
Mammals traits
Hair
Mammary glands that produce milk to nourish the young
three major groups of mammals
Monotremes
marsupials
Placental mammals
Monotremes
mammals that are Egg-Layers
marsupials
the pouched mammals
