Ecology and Ecosystems Flashcards
What causes large-scale climate patterns?
Global heating and cooling of air
What causes smaller-scale climate patterns caused by heating and cooling of air?
Rainshadow Effect
Rainshadow Effect
a patch of land that has been forced to become a desert because mountain ranges blocked all plant-growing, rainy weather.
Biomes
areas on the earth with similar climate, plants, and animals
Tropical Rain Forest
High Rainfall
High temperatures
Desert
Low Rainfall
High temperatures
Savanna
Seasonal rainfall
High temperatures
Chaparral
Warm, mild winters
Hot, dry summers
Little rain
Temperate Grassland
Seasonal rain
Cold winter
Hot summers
Temperate deciduous forest
Moderate rain
Cold winters
Hot summers
***This is us
Coniferous Forests
Moderate rainfall
Low temperatures
Tundra
Low rainfall
Low temperatures
Fresh Water Biomes consist of
ponds
lakes
streams
rivers
(swamps, bogs)
Intertidal zone (Oceanic Biome)
Dry land that meets the continental shelf
Benthic zone (Oceanic Biome)
Seafloor
Photic zone (Oceanic Biome)
Top layer of ocean that light passes through
Aphotic zone (Oceanic Biome)
Beneath the photic zone
Light does not pass through this layer
Ecology
the study of organisms and their interactions with the living and nonliving environment
Ecosystem ecology
all organisms and abiotic (non biological) factors
Community ecology
all organisms in a particular area
Population ecology
“group of individuals”
examines the characteristics and dynamics of a population (species) that influences survival and reproduction
Population
group of individuals of the same species occupying the same place at the same time
Organismal ecology
individuals
Energy transfer 10% rule
10 percent of energy can move between trophic levels
(Biological Interactions)
Neutralism
0 / 0
(Biological Interactions)
Amensalism
- / 0
(Biological Interactions)
Commensalism
+ / 0
(Biological Interactions)
Competition
- / -
(Biological Interactions)
Mutualism
+ / +
(Biological Interactions)
Predation or Parasitism
+ / -
Ecological niche
the role a species plays in its community, including its habitat and its interactions with other organisms
Competitive Exclusion Principle
No two species can occupy the same niche
Artificial Selection
human intervention/ interference acting as selective pressure
Example of Artificial Selection
Domestic Dogs
Edible plants
