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Bio 100 > Evolution & Diversity > Flashcards

Evolution & Diversity Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Population

A

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

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2
Q

_______ is the smallest biological unit that can evolve

A

Population

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3
Q

Gene pool consists of

A

all alleles of all individuals making up a population

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4
Q

What represents the frequency of the dominant allele in the gene pool?

A

p

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5
Q

What represents the frequency of the recessive allele in the gene pool?

A

q

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6
Q

Gene pools occur in frequencies in a population that can be….

A

measured over time

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7
Q

Microevolution

A

changes in the gene pool over time

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8
Q

4 causes of microevolution

A

1) Genetic Drift
2) Gene flow
3) Mutations
4) Natural Selection

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9
Q

Genetic drift

A

the effect of chance (random death or survival)

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10
Q

2 types of genetic drift

A

The Bottleneck Effect

The Founder Effect

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11
Q

The Bottleneck Effect results from

A

a drastic reduction in population size

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12
Q

The Founder Effect Is

A

genetic drift in a new colony

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13
Q

gene flow

A

the flow of alleles in and out of a population resulting from the migration of individuals or gametes

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14
Q

Mutations

A

mistakes made during DNA replication in meiosis

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15
Q

Natural Selection

A

external pressure that makes it less likely for a particular trait to survive

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16
Q

Macroevolution

A

Encompasses the major biological changes evident in the fossil record.

Includes the multiplication of species.

the processes that gave rise to new species and higher taxonomic groups with widely divergent characters

17
Q

macroevolution is evidenced by ____ and ____

A

the fossil record and molecular genetics

18
Q

Branching (within macroevolution)

A

both the old and new populations survive at the same time

19
Q

Non-Branching (within macroevolution)

A

population changes and becomes a new species

20
Q

biological species concept (BSC) defines species as

A

groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups

21
Q

speciation

A

the formation of two species from one original species

22
Q

2 types of speciation

A

allopatric
sympatric

23
Q

Allopatric speciation

A

geological processes can fragment a population into two or more that then undergo different selective pressures and thus evolve different traits

24
Q

Sympatric speciation

A

occurs within one geological area where two populations speciate

25
Q

Exaptation

A

Evolving a new adaptation or trait from an existing one

A shift in the function of a trait during evolution. For example, a trait can evolve because it served one particular function, but subsequently it may come to serve another.

26
Q

Exaptation can occur due to ____ ____ during DNA ___.
Duplicated DNA can then ____ without ____ ____.

A

Exaptation can occur due to duplication events during DNA replication
Duplicated DNA can then mutate without selective pressure

27
Q

2 examples of exaptation

A

flagella of bacteria
feathers on birds

28
Q

Paedomorphosis

A

the retention of juvenile traits in the adult to adapt to an environment

29
Q

Example of Paedomorphosis

A

Axolotls (gills)

30
Q

Taxonomy

A

is the identification, naming, and classification of species

31
Q

Systematics

A

the study of biological diversity, past and present to determine evolutionary relationships

32
Q

Each species is assigned a ____ name consisting of the ____ and the ____: the ____ and ____ names are always in ____.

A

Each species is assigned a two-part name consisting of the genus and the species: the Genus and species names are always italics.

33
Q

Hierarchical classification is

A

a system of grouping things according to a hierarchy, or levels and orders.

34
Q

List the taxonomic hierarchical classification

A

Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species
(King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti)

Bio 100 (13 decks)

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