Evolution & Diversity

Question 1

Population

Answer 1

a group of individuals of the same species living in the same area at the same time

Question 2

_______ is the smallest biological unit that can evolve

Answer 2

Population

Question 3

Gene pool consists of

Answer 3

all alleles of all individuals making up a population

Question 4

What represents the frequency of the dominant allele in the gene pool?

Answer 4

p

Question 5

What represents the frequency of the recessive allele in the gene pool?

Answer 5

q

Question 6

Gene pools occur in frequencies in a population that can be….

Answer 6

measured over time

Question 7

Microevolution

Answer 7

changes in the gene pool over time

Question 8

4 causes of microevolution

Answer 8

1) Genetic Drift
2) Gene flow
3) Mutations
4) Natural Selection

Question 9

Genetic drift

Answer 9

the effect of chance (random death or survival)

Question 10

2 types of genetic drift

Answer 10

The Bottleneck Effect

The Founder Effect

Question 11

The Bottleneck Effect results from

Answer 11

a drastic reduction in population size

Question 12

The Founder Effect Is

Answer 12

genetic drift in a new colony

Question 13

gene flow

Answer 13

the flow of alleles in and out of a population resulting from the migration of individuals or gametes

Question 14

Mutations

Answer 14

mistakes made during DNA replication in meiosis

Question 15

Natural Selection

Answer 15

external pressure that makes it less likely for a particular trait to survive

Question 16

Macroevolution

Answer 16

Encompasses the major biological changes evident in the fossil record.

Includes the multiplication of species.

the processes that gave rise to new species and higher taxonomic groups with widely divergent characters

Question 17

macroevolution is evidenced by ____ and ____

Answer 17

the fossil record and molecular genetics

Question 18

Branching (within macroevolution)

Answer 18

both the old and new populations survive at the same time

Question 19

Non-Branching (within macroevolution)

Answer 19

population changes and becomes a new species

Question 20

biological species concept (BSC) defines species as

Answer 20

groups of interbreeding natural populations that are reproductively isolated from other such groups

Question 21

speciation

Answer 21

the formation of two species from one original species

Question 22

2 types of speciation

Answer 22

allopatric
sympatric

Question 23

Allopatric speciation

Answer 23

geological processes can fragment a population into two or more that then undergo different selective pressures and thus evolve different traits

Question 24

Sympatric speciation

Answer 24

occurs within one geological area where two populations speciate

Question 25

Exaptation

Answer 25

Evolving a new adaptation or trait from an existing one A shift in the function of a trait during evolution. For example, a trait can evolve because it served one particular function, but subsequently it may come to serve another.

Question 26

Exaptation can occur due to ____ ____ during DNA ___. Duplicated DNA can then ____ without ____ ____.

Answer 26

Exaptation can occur due to duplication events during DNA replication Duplicated DNA can then mutate without selective pressure

Question 27

2 examples of exaptation

Answer 27

flagella of bacteria feathers on birds

Question 28

Paedomorphosis

Answer 28

the retention of juvenile traits in the adult to adapt to an environment

Question 29

Example of Paedomorphosis

Answer 29

Axolotls (gills)

Question 30

Taxonomy

Answer 30

is the identification, naming, and classification of species

Question 31

Systematics

Answer 31

the study of biological diversity, past and present to determine evolutionary relationships

Question 32

Each species is assigned a ____ name consisting of the ____ and the ____: the ____ and ____ names are always in ____.

Answer 32

Each species is assigned a two-part name consisting of the genus and the species: the Genus and species names are always italics.

Question 33

Hierarchical classification is

Answer 33

a system of grouping things according to a hierarchy, or levels and orders.

Question 34

List the taxonomic hierarchical classification

Answer 34

Domain > Kingdom > Phylum > Class > Order > Family > Genus > Species (King Philip Came Over For Good Spaghetti)