Evolution & Diversity II

Question 1

Animals are classified according to ____ and ____ characteristics, such as a ____ ____.

Answer 1

Animals are classified according to morphological and developmental characteristics, such as a body plan.

Question 2

Asymmetry animal example

Answer 2

sponges

Question 3

Bilateral Symmetry animal example

Answer 3

flatworms
humans

Question 4

Radial symmetry phylum example

Answer 4

cnidarians
echinoderms

Question 5

Types of body plans:

Answer 5

Diploblast
Triploblast

Question 6

Diploblast

Answer 6

organs develop from two types of tissue during development

Question 7

Triploblast

Answer 7

organs develop from three types of tissue during development

Question 8

3 Types of triploblasts

Answer 8

Acoelomate
Eucoelomate
Pseudocoelomate

Question 9

Acoelomate

Answer 9

an animal that has no internal, fluid-filled body cavity separating its body wall from its digestive tract

Question 10

Acoelomate example

Answer 10

flatworms

Question 11

Eucoelomate

Answer 11

an animal that has an internal, fluid-filled body cavity separating its body wall from its digestive tract.

Question 12

Eucoelomate examples

Answer 12

Annelids
Chordates
Arthropods
Mollusks
Echinoderms

Question 13

Pseudocoelomate

Answer 13

body fluids bathe the organs and receive nutrients and oxygen from the cavity fluid.

Question 14

Pseudocoelomate example

Answer 14

Roundworms (nematodes)

Question 15

Porifera characteristics

Answer 15

Spongocoel
Osculum
Mesohyl
Monoecious

Question 16

Spongocoel

Answer 16

cylinder with a large central cavity

Question 17

Osculum

Answer 17

opening through which water flows

Question 18

Mesohyl

Answer 18

separates inner and outer cells. Fluid filled.

Question 19

Within the mesohyl, amoebocytes secrete ____, which are…

Answer 19

spicules- protein fibers that give structure

Question 20

Monoecious

Answer 20

Reproduce asexually by budding or fragmentation

Question 21

gemmules

Answer 21

clusters of cells surrounded by a tough outer layer

Question 22

Gemmules survive ____ ____ and can attach to a ____ and grow into a ____ ____.

Answer 22

Gemmules survive hostile environments and can attach to a substrate and grow into a new sponge.

Question 23

example of Cnidaria

Answer 23

Jelly fish

Question 24

Cnidaria characteristics

Answer 24

1) radial or biradial symmetry

2) reproduce both sexually and asexually

3) diploblastic

4) cnidocytes (“stinging cells”)
contain specialized organelle called the nematocysts

5) Alternate between two forms
Medusa- free floating (jelly fish)
Polyp – anemone

6) Three layers:
Epidermis – outer layer
Gastrodermis – inner layer
Mesoglea – jelly-like and non-living.

7) Perform extracellular digestion before nutrients move into the cells (glycolysis, krebs, electron transport chain).

Question 25

cnidocytes (“____ ____”)
contain specialized organelle called the ____

Answer 25

(“stinging cells”)
contain specialized organelle called the nematocysts

Question 26

two forms of cnidaria

Answer 26

Medusa- free floating (jelly fish)
Polyp – anemone

Question 27

3 layers of Cnidaria

Answer 27

Epidermis – outer layer

Gastrodermis – inner layer

Mesoglea – jelly-like and non-living

Question 28

4 classes of Cnidaria

Answer 28

Scyphozoa- the jellies and are motile and exclusively marine

Anthozoa- a sessile polyp body plan

Cubozoa - square in cross-section “box jellyfish.”

Hydrozoa- class have both polyp and medusa forms in their life cycle

Question 29

example of Platyhelminthes

Answer 29

flatworm

Question 30

Characteristics of Platyhelminthes

Answer 30

Free living or parasitic

Bilaterally symmetrical.

gas and nutrient exchange is dependent on diffusion and intercellular junctions.

Important classes include Trematoda (causes shistosomiasis and swimmers itch) and cestode (includes tape worms)

Question 31

4 classes of Platyhelminthes

Answer 31

1) Turbellaria Pseudobiceros bedfordi / Planaria

2) Trematoda: includes about 20,000 species, most of which are parasitic with complex lifecycles

3) Cestoda includes segmented tapeworms such as Taenia saginata;

4) Monogenea - small parasitic flatworms