Reproduction (Ch 42a) Flashcards
Define asexual reproduction.
When an individual produces offspring by itself, via mitosis and budding//fission.
What are the dis/advantages of asexual reproduction?
Advantage: Quick reproduction, less energy. more efficient.
Disadvantage: Less genetic diversity.
Define sexual reproduction.
When the offspring are produced via the union of haploid male and female gametes.
What are the dis/advantages of sexual reproduction?
Advantage: Genetic diversity; promotes survival
Disadvantage: Requires two parents; takes time and energy; produces fewer offspring.
Exchange of sperm and egg may follow two pathways: _____ and _____.
External and internal pathways.
Define External fertilization. What is the disadvantage?
A male organism’s sperm fertilizing a female organism’s egg outside of the female’s bod
-Disadvantage: a reliance on water and the large amount of wasted sperm and eggs that never reach a corresponding gamete.
Define Internal fertilization.
The union of an egg cell with a sperm during sexual reproduction inside the body of a parent.
Advantages of internal fertilization.
Protecting the fertilized egg from dehydration on land
Define testes.
Where sperm production takes place.
Define epididymis.
Surrounds the testes.
Define seminal vesicle.
A pair of tube-like glands that holds the liquid that mixes with sperm to form semen.
The male reproductive system is specialized for the _____ and the _____ of sperm.
production and delivery.
Define the sperm.
Sperm are specialized cells with minimal cytoplasm, a densely packed nucleus, an acrosome with digestive enzymes, and a flagellum.
What do acrosomes contain?
They contain enzymes that are used by sperm to transverse the outer coating of the egg.
Where are the testes located?
Outside the abdominal cavity in a sac called the scrotum.
Define bulbourethral glands.
Glands that produce a clear fluid that lubricates the urethra for passage of sperm.
_____ _____ provides an energy substrate for the ____
Seminal fluid; Spermatozoa.
What are the 3 types of sperm:
Killer sperm.
Blocker sperm.
Egg Getter sperm.
In males at puberty, the _____ regulatory _____ of the brain begins to signal the reproductive track.
hypothalamus regulatory center.
What do Follicle Stimulating Hormones do?
Stimulates sperm production.
What do Leutinizing Hormones do?
Stimulates leydig cells that make testosterone.
Define spermatogenesis.
Sperm production.
What composes the testes?
Seminiferous tubules.
What do sertoli cells do?
They nurse developing sperm, and need to be fueled by testosterone.
