Excretion (Ch 41) Flashcards
What is diffusion?
The random motion of individual molecules, with net movement occurring where there are areas of higher and lower concentration of the molecules.
What is osmoregulation?
The regulation of osmotic pressure inside cells and organisms.
What is a hypotonic solution?
Solutions with low concentration solutes, high water
What is a hypertonic solution?
Solutions with high concentration solutes, low water
What is an isotonic solution?
Equal concentrations of solutes and water
What by-product is produced when proteins and nucleic acids are broken down by metabolism?
Ammonia
Since ammonia contains nitrogen and is toxic to organisms, it is a form of what?
Nitrogenous waste
What are the three major forms of nitrogenous waste excreted by animals?
Urea, Uric acid, and Ammonia
What are the three processes of waste elimination?
1) Filtration - which produces a filtrate of the blood.
2) Reabsorption - an active process that removes useful solutes from the filtrate and returns them to the blood
3) Secretion - when solutes are added to the filtrate
Define Renal Cortex.
Outer tissue layer of the kidney; where the circulatory system connects with the nephrons; where filtration occurs.
Define Renal Medulla.
Inner tissue layer of the kidney.
Define Renal Pelvis.
The chamber that collects the urine and sends it on the ureter.
Define Cortical.
Nephrons that are confined to the cortex.
Define Juxtamedullary.
an extension of nephrons into the medulla.
Define Glomerulus.
a cluster of capillaries around the end of a kidney tubule, where waste products are filtered from the blood.