Digestive System (Ch 40) Key Concepts Flashcards
What are the 4 macronutrients we take in? What does each get broken down into?
We take in Proteins, Lipids, Carbohydrates, and Nucleic acids.
Proteins - amino acids
Lipids - fatty acids and glycerol
Carbohydrates - sugars
Nucleic acids - nucleotides
What are the differences between water-soluble and fat-soluble vitamins?
Water-solubles are easily absorbed by the body and fat-solubles require bile acids to help absorb them
Explain 2 bioenergetic strategies animals use and explain dis/advantages of each.
Endotherms and Ectotherms.
What are some of the factors that affect someone’s BMR?
Age, gender, Weight, body proportion.
What are the roles of the liver, gall bladder, and pancreas?
they produce or store enzymes and other substances that help break down food.
Fatty acids and monoglycerides go into the _____ through the _____ _____ and into the major vein of the heart.
lacteal; lymph system
How does the stomach keep from ingesting itself?
Our stomach goes through rapid mitosis, the stomach lining is completely replaced every 3 days. And the lining of the stomach secretes layers of mucus.
What enzyme is responsible for breaking down RNA and DNA? and what is the by-product?
Nuclease; nucleotides
What is the role of pancreatic amylase?
to break down starch into maltose and disaccharides.
What enzyme breaks down disaccharides into monosaccharides?
Carbohydrases.
What enzyme/substance breaks down polypeptides?
Trypsin.
What enzyme/substances breaks down peptides?
peptidases.
In the liver, what is the function of hepatocytes? Of Kupffer cells?
The hepatocytes breaks down amino acids into usable products such as: blood clotting factors, transporter proteins, cholesterol, and bile components.
Kupffer cells digests cellular debris, foreign bacteria, and other toxins.
What are two functions of the large intestines?
For absorption of H2O, salts, and other minerals, and elimination of waste products.
What is a lacteal?
The lymphatic vessels of the small intestine that absorb digested fats.
