Digestive System (Ch 40) Flashcards
Define Macronutrients.
Energy nutrients that is required in large amounts
Define Carbohydrates.
Cell’s major source of energy
What are polysaccharides and give an example of one.
Polysaccharides are long chains of monosaccharides; starch and glycogen.
What are monosaccharides and give an example of one.
single chains of sugar; glucose, fructose, and galactose.
Define Proteins.
molecules required to make enzymes, hemoglobin, antibodies, and some hormones.
Define Lipids.
molecules required to make cell membranes and some hormones; needed for insulation and absorption of fat-soluble vitamins.
Define Nucleic acids.
molecules needed to make DNA, RNA, and also used for ATP.
What are micronutrients?
Micronutrients and nutrients required is small amounts. They are mostly vitamins and minerals.
Define vitamins. And give examples.
nutrients required for metabolism, production of pigments, and blood clotting.
Vitamins A, B, C, D, E, and K
Which of the vitamins are WATER-soluble and what happens to the excess amounts.
Vitamins B and C; excess amounts are excreted.
Which of the vitamins are FAT-soluble and what happens to the excess amounts.
Vitamins A, D, E, and K; excess amounts remain in the body and can potentially be dangerous.
Define minerals.
nutrients used in production of tissues, ATP production, enzymes, and nerve function.
What is the difference between endotherms and ectotherms?
Endotherms are organisms that produces their own heat through metabolic processes, and ectotherms gain heat from their environment.
Define Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR).
The energy a vertebrate requires to stay alive.
What are the several factors influence BMR.
Age, gender, weight, body proportion, activity level.
Define suspension feeders. And give an example.
Sifting small food particles from the water. Basking shark
Define substrate feeders. And give an example.
Organisms that live in/on their food source, eating their way through the food. Dung beetles.
