Development (Ch 42b) Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the characteristics of protostomes?

A
  • Spiral cell cleavage
  • Blastopore = mouth first
  • determinate cell fate
  • schizocoelous
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2
Q

What are the characteristics of deuterostomes?

A
  • radial cell cleavage
  • Blastopore = anus first
  • indeterminate cell fate
  • enterocoelous
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3
Q

All mammal fetuses begin the same, with an ancestral structure called the _______ _______

A

Bipotential Gonads.

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4
Q

In males, the testes factor inhibits the _____ ______ and turns on ______ via ______ ______.

A

Mullerian ducts; testosterone; leydig cells

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5
Q

In females, there are no testes factor to inhibit _____ ______

A

Mullerian ducts.

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6
Q

In females, what happens to Mullerian ducts?

A

They become oviducts.

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7
Q

What is the function of the yolk sac?

A

It attaches the outside developing embryo and is connected to the umbilical cord.

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8
Q

What is the function of the chorion and amnion?

A

The chorion and the amnion together forms the amniotic sac.

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9
Q

What is the amniotic sac?

A

A bag of fluid inside a woman’s womb (uterus) where the unborn baby develops and grows.

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10
Q

What is the allantois and its function?

A

A sac-like structure that forms part of a developing amniote’s conceptus. It helps the embryo exchange gases and handle liquid waste.

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11
Q

What are the three phyla under protostomes?

A

Mollusca, Annelida and Arthropoda

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12
Q

Which phylas are under deuterostomes?

A

Chordata, Echinodermata, Hemichordata.

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13
Q

What are the three tissue types that form during gastrulation?

A

Ectoderm, Mesoderm, and Endoderm.

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14
Q

What is the difference between a true coelom and a pseudocoelom?

A

A coelom is a body cavity completely within the mesoderm. A pseudocoelom is a cavity between the mesoderm and the endoderm.

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15
Q

What are the functions of a coelom?

A

A hollow, fluid-filled cavity found in many living things, where it acts as a protective cushion for their internal organs.

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16
Q

Why is the female gender the default gender?

A

At the very start, A female’s egg is XX, and when a sperm cell meets the cell, the end result can only be XX or XY.