Reproduction and Development Flashcards
Testis
Male gonad
-Site of gamete formation and testosterone production
Epididymis
Site of sperm maturation and storage
Vas Deferens
Sperm transport
Ejaculatory Duct
Sperm transport
Urethra
Channel for ejaculation of sperm and excretion of urine
Seminal Vesicle
Secretes fructose-rich fluid that is the main component of semen
Prostate Gland
Secretes prostaglandins and buffers that are found in semen
Bulbourethral Gland
Secretes mucous to clear urethra and provide lubrication
Seminiferous Tubules
Site of sperm formation
Hormones involved in sperm formation (4)
- Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH)
- Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
- Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
- Testosterone
Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH)
Secreted from Hypothalamus
- Triggers secretion of LH and FSH (males)
- Stimulates production of LH and FSH (females)
Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in males
Secreted from pituitary
-Supports sperm production
Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in males
Secreted from pituitary
-Stimulates testosterone production
Testosterone
Secreted inside testes
- Controls structure and function of male reproductive tract
- Induces secondary sex characteristics and aggressive behavior
Menstrual Cycle Hormones (5)
- GnRH
- FSH
- LH
- Estrogen
- Progesterone
FSH/LH during menstrual cycle
- Secreted from pituitary
- Induce oocyte maturation
- Stimulate estrogen production
LH during menstrual cycle
Spike of LH triggers ovulation
Estrogen
Secreted from ovaries
- Thickening of endometrium
- Female reproductive tract development
- Secondary sex characteristics at puberty
Progesterone
Secreted from ovaries
- Induce oocyte maturation
- Ready the uterus for pregnancy
Ovaries
Oocyte production and maturation
-Estrogen and progesterone production
Oviducts
Tubes that connect ovaries to the uterus
Uterus
Site of embryo/fetal development
- Endometrium: inner lining
- Myometrium: outer layer of smooth muscle
Cervix
Entrance of uterus
- Protects against infection
- Conducts sperm into uterus
Cleavage
First stage after fertilization
- Results in many smaller cells
- Overall size of embryo does not change
- Ultimately forms Blastocyst
Blastocyst
Hollow ball of cells
- Contains inner cell mass which will develop into the fetus
- Formed from cleavage
Implantation
Burrowing of embryo into endometrial lining of uterus
-Occurs 6 days after fertilization during blastula stage
Ectopic Pregnancy
Implantation into the oviduct
Gastrulation
2nd stage of embryonic development
- Formation of gastrula
- Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
Endoderm
Innermost layer of gastrula
-lining of digestive system and some organs
Mesoderm
Middle layer of gastrula
-Forms muscles and most inner organs
Ectoderm
Outermost layer of gastrula
-Forms nervous system and skin
Development of extraembryonic membrane
Weeks 3-8
Amnion, Allantois, Chorion, Placenta
Amnion
Membrane that encloses embryo in fluid filled sac
Allantois
Forms part of the umbilical cord
Chorion
Membrane that encloses the amnion and embryo
Neonatal Period
1st
Primarily reflexive
Infancy
Brain and muscle growth
Bone hardening
Eruption of teeth
Childhood
Continued growth of all systems
Adolescence
Lungs, kidneys, stomach, muscle, and skeletal growth
Secretion of GnRH starts puberty
-Brain maturity occurs last at about 25 years
