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Human Physiology > Reproduction and Development > Flashcards

Reproduction and Development Flashcards

1
Q

Testis

A

Male gonad

-Site of gamete formation and testosterone production

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2
Q

Epididymis

A

Site of sperm maturation and storage

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3
Q

Vas Deferens

A

Sperm transport

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4
Q

Ejaculatory Duct

A

Sperm transport

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5
Q

Urethra

A

Channel for ejaculation of sperm and excretion of urine

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6
Q

Seminal Vesicle

A

Secretes fructose-rich fluid that is the main component of semen

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7
Q

Prostate Gland

A

Secretes prostaglandins and buffers that are found in semen

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8
Q

Bulbourethral Gland

A

Secretes mucous to clear urethra and provide lubrication

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9
Q

Seminiferous Tubules

A

Site of sperm formation

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10
Q

Hormones involved in sperm formation (4)

A
  • Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH)
  • Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH)
  • Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
  • Testosterone
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11
Q

Gonadotropin-releasing Hormone (GnRH)

A

Secreted from Hypothalamus

  • Triggers secretion of LH and FSH (males)
  • Stimulates production of LH and FSH (females)
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12
Q

Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH) in males

A

Secreted from pituitary

-Supports sperm production

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13
Q

Luteinizing Hormone (LH) in males

A

Secreted from pituitary

-Stimulates testosterone production

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14
Q

Testosterone

A

Secreted inside testes

  • Controls structure and function of male reproductive tract
  • Induces secondary sex characteristics and aggressive behavior
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15
Q

Menstrual Cycle Hormones (5)

A
  • GnRH
  • FSH
  • LH
  • Estrogen
  • Progesterone
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16
Q

FSH/LH during menstrual cycle

A
  • Secreted from pituitary
  • Induce oocyte maturation
  • Stimulate estrogen production
17
Q

LH during menstrual cycle

A

Spike of LH triggers ovulation

18
Q

Estrogen

A

Secreted from ovaries

  • Thickening of endometrium
  • Female reproductive tract development
  • Secondary sex characteristics at puberty
19
Q

Progesterone

A

Secreted from ovaries

  • Induce oocyte maturation
  • Ready the uterus for pregnancy
20
Q

Ovaries

A

Oocyte production and maturation

-Estrogen and progesterone production

21
Q

Oviducts

A

Tubes that connect ovaries to the uterus

22
Q

Uterus

A

Site of embryo/fetal development

  • Endometrium: inner lining
  • Myometrium: outer layer of smooth muscle
23
Q

Cervix

A

Entrance of uterus

  • Protects against infection
  • Conducts sperm into uterus
24
Q

Cleavage

A

First stage after fertilization

  • Results in many smaller cells
  • Overall size of embryo does not change
  • Ultimately forms Blastocyst
25
Q

Blastocyst

A

Hollow ball of cells

  • Contains inner cell mass which will develop into the fetus
  • Formed from cleavage
26
Q

Implantation

A

Burrowing of embryo into endometrial lining of uterus

-Occurs 6 days after fertilization during blastula stage

27
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy

A

Implantation into the oviduct

28
Q

Gastrulation

A

2nd stage of embryonic development

  • Formation of gastrula
  • Endoderm, mesoderm, ectoderm
29
Q

Endoderm

A

Innermost layer of gastrula

-lining of digestive system and some organs

30
Q

Mesoderm

A

Middle layer of gastrula

-Forms muscles and most inner organs

31
Q

Ectoderm

A

Outermost layer of gastrula

-Forms nervous system and skin

32
Q

Development of extraembryonic membrane

A

Weeks 3-8

Amnion, Allantois, Chorion, Placenta

33
Q

Amnion

A

Membrane that encloses embryo in fluid filled sac

34
Q

Allantois

A

Forms part of the umbilical cord

35
Q

Chorion

A

Membrane that encloses the amnion and embryo

36
Q

Neonatal Period

A

1st

Primarily reflexive

37
Q

Infancy

A

Brain and muscle growth
Bone hardening
Eruption of teeth

38
Q

Childhood

A

Continued growth of all systems

39
Q

Adolescence

A

Lungs, kidneys, stomach, muscle, and skeletal growth
Secretion of GnRH starts puberty
-Brain maturity occurs last at about 25 years

Human Physiology (14 decks)

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