Ch 14 Cardiovascular System

Question 1

Desmosomes

Answer 1

Allow force to pull on adjacent cells

Question 2

Autorhythmic cells

Answer 2

control heart rate

• pacemaker potential
• Start action potential

Question 3

Pacemaker potential

Answer 3

Unstable membrane potential, drifts towards 0

Question 4

Contractile cells

Answer 4

smaller than skeletal muscle

-1 nucleus per cell, shorten in response to stimulus

Question 5

Septum

Answer 5

separates left and right sides of heart so they function independently

Question 6

Valves

Answer 6

prevent backwards flow of blood

• AV
• RST
• Left side biscuspid valve
• Semilunar valves

Question 7

Atrioventricular Valves (AV)

Answer 7

between atria and ventricles

• Passive movement, blood is pushed up when ventricle contracts closing valve
• Chordae Tendineae

Question 8

Chordae Tendineae

Answer 8

Connects valve to ventricle

-connected to papillary muscles for stability

Question 9

Right Side Tricuspid Valve (RST)

Answer 9

3 flaps

Question 10

Left Side Bicuspid or Mitral Valve

Answer 10

2 flaps

Question 11

Semilunar valves

Answer 11

b/w ventricles and arteries

• aortic on left and pulmonary on right
• concave shape so no connective tissue is needed

Question 12

Pulmonary Circuit

Answer 12

Heart to lungs and back

Oxygen poor blood leaves–> oxygen rich returns

Question 13

Systemic Circuit

Answer 13

Heart to body and back

Oxygen rich blood leaves–>oxygen poor returns

Question 14

Starling law of the heart

Answer 14

Heart pumps out all the blood that is returned to it

Question 15

Inotropic Agent

Answer 15

Chemical that affects contractility

Question 16

Contractility

Answer 16

Controlled by nervous and endocrine systems

Question 17

Positive Inotropic Effect

Answer 17

Increases contractility

Question 18

Negative Inotropic Effect

Answer 18

Decreases contractility

Question 19

Plateau

Answer 19

• Contractile cells action potential

- Complete opening of Ca channels, closing of some K channels

Question 20

Autorhythmic cells action potential

Answer 20

• Does not require innervation
• Signal spreads to contractile cells via gap junctions
• Action potential spreads across membrane to t tubules
• Opens Voltage gated Ca channels

Question 21

Na-Ca Exchanger (NCX)

Answer 21

Exports Ca from cell after contraction

Question 22

Graded Contraction

Answer 22

Force is proportional to # of formed crossbridges

-How much Ca is bound to troponin

Question 23

Cardiac Refractory Period

Answer 23

Much longer than in skeletal muscle

-ensures that heart relaxes (fills with blood) and contracts (sends blood away)

Question 24

Pericardium

Answer 24

Sac made of connective tissue that encases the heart
-filled w/ fluid for lubrication
Fibrous and Serous

Question 25

1. Fibrus

2. Serous

Answer 25

1. Outer layer of pericardium

2. Inner layer

Question 26

Capillaries

Answer 26

Exchange nutrients/wastes w/ tissues

Question 27

ECG

Answer 27

Measures electrical activity of the heart
Valves-portions above or below baseline
Segments-baseline b/w waves
Intervals-Combos of waves and segments

Question 28

Pwave

Answer 28

ECG

-atrial depolarization

Question 29

QRS Complex

Answer 29

-ECG

Ventricular depolarizaton and atrial repolarization

Question 30

T wave

Answer 30

ECG

-Ventricular repolarization

Question 31

Junctions that attach myocardial cells together

Answer 31

Intercalated disks

Question 32

How does Ca get removed from cell

Answer 32

Ca-ATPase

Na-Ca exchanger (NCX)