Ch 19 The Kidneys

Question 1

Urinary Functions of the Kidneys

Answer 1

Regulate body water vol

• Regulated concentrations of inorganic ions
• Remove metabolic wastes (mainly urea, uric acid, creatinin) from blood

Question 2

Homeostatic Functions of the Kidneys

Answer 2

• Help regulate blood vol and bp
• Assist in controlling body salt balance
• Help regulated acid-base balance and blood pH
• Control production of RBCs
• Activate Vit D.

Question 3

Function of Ureters

Answer 3

Transport urine to bladder

Question 4

Function of Urethra

Answer 4

Transport urine to body surface

Question 5

The Nephron

Answer 5

Tubule with Glomerular Capsule (Bowman’s), proximal tubes, Loop of Henle, Distal Tubule
-Functional unit of kidney

Question 6

Sequence that filtrate travels through the nephron

Answer 6

• Afferent arteriole
• Glomerulus
• Proximal tubule
• Loop of Henle
• Distal tubule
• Collecting duct
• Renal pelvis
• Ureter

Question 7

Afferent Arteriole

Answer 7

Initial blood supply

-Blood comes in here

Question 8

Glomerulus

Answer 8

Capillaries inside glomerular capsule

• Deposits plasma into capsule
• Takes most stuff out of blood so good stuff can be put back in

Question 9

Efferent Arteriole

Answer 9

Carries filtered blood away from glomerular capsule

-Blood is still O2 rich

Question 10

Efferent Glomerular Arterioles

Answer 10

• From Cortical Nephrons: form peritubular capillary network for entire cortical labyrinth
• From Juxtamedullary nephrons: form hairpin capillary network that extends into medulla
  - Arteriolae rectae and venae rectae

Question 11

Arteriolae Rectae

Answer 11

Descending limb of Efferent Glomerular Arterioles

-Reabsorbs H2O

Question 12

Venae Rectae

Answer 12

Ascending limb of Efferent Glomerular Arterioles

-Reabsorbs Na, K, etc

Question 13

Peritubular Capillaries

Answer 13

Absorb most H2O and solutes from tubules

Question 14

Vasa Recta

Answer 14

Supplies loop of Henle and collecting duct

Question 15

Bowman’s Capsule Visceral Layer

Answer 15

Covers glomerulus as podocytes

Question 16

Urinary Pole

Answer 16

Continuation of Bowman’s capsule as the proximal tubule

Question 17

Bowman’s Capsule and the Glomerulus

Answer 17

Bowman’s capsule becomes invaginated by a glomerulus at the urinary pole

Question 18

3 Layers of basal lamina of the glomerulus

Answer 18

1. Lamina Rara Interna
2. Lamina Densa
3. Lamina Rara Externa
   - Laminin and fibronectin attach the endothelial cells and podocytes to lamina densa
   - To prevent clogging of basil lamina, intraglomerular mesongial cells remove the basal lamina and podocytes and endothelial cells constantly produce more

Question 19

Lamina Rara Interna

Answer 19

• Innermost layer of basal lamina in glomerulus
• Layer rich in laminin, fibronectin, and heparin
• Heparin filters pos charged particles

Question 20

Lamina Densa

Answer 20

• Middle layer of basal lamina in glomerulus
• 100 nm thick, consisting of Type IV collagen
• Traps molecules >69kD

Question 21

Lamina Rara Externa

Answer 21

• Outermost layer of basal lamina in glomerulus

- Adjacent to the visceral layer of Bowman’s capsule (podocytes)

Question 22

Principles of Renal Function:

1. Glomerular Filtration

Answer 22

Exit of water into Bowman’s capsule

-Creates filtrate

Question 23

Principles of Renal Function:

2. Tubular Reabsorption

Answer 23

Recovery of water and solutes from filtrate

-Puts things back into blood

Question 24

Principles of Renal Function:

3. Tubular Secretion

Answer 24

Selective transport of solutes INTO tubular fluid

-remaining fluid and solutes in tubule becomes = urine

Question 25

Reabsorption

Answer 25

Moving substances in the filtrate from the lumen of the tubule back into the blood in the peritubular capillaries

Question 26

Secretion

Answer 26

Selectively removes molecules from the blood and adds them the the filtrate in the tubule lumen