Blood Flow

Question 1

Methods of capillary exchange

Answer 1

Diffusion

Transcytosis (vesicles)

Question 2

Filtration

Answer 2

Fluids move out of capillaries to interstitial fluid

-Arterial end

Question 3

Absorption

Answer 3

Fluids move from interstitial into capillaries

-Venous end

Question 4

Hydrostatic Pressure

Answer 4

Forces fluid out of the capillary

Question 5

Colloid osmotic pressure

Answer 5

Proteins inside the capillary pull fluid inside

Question 6

Arterial End

Answer 6

Net filtration

Hydrostatic pressure b/c of blood pressure

Question 7

Venous end

Answer 7

Net absorption

-Osmosis causes high colloid osmotic pressure

Question 8

Korotkoff Sounds

Answer 8

1. Snapping sound first heard at systolic pressure
2. Murmurs heard for most of area b/w systolic and diastolic
   3-4. Pressures w/in 10mmhg above diastolic bp (thumping and muting)
3. Silence as cuff drops below diastolic pressure

Question 9

Pulse Pressure

Answer 9

Difference felt b/w diastolic (feel nothing) and systolic (feel a thump as artery expands)
-systolic-diastolic

Question 10

Mean Arterial Pressure (MAP)

Answer 10

average arterial pressure during cardiac cycle

-diastolic + 1/3 pulse pressure

Question 11

Regulates blood pressure

Answer 11

CVCC

regulates heart rate, force of contraction, and arteriole diameter

Question 12

Baroreceptors

Answer 12

Mechanoreceptors in aorta and carotid arteries that detect stretch

• continuous action po. at normal bp
• Stretching sends action po. to brain at higher freq
• causes decrease in hr, decrease in force of contraction, and vasodilation of arterioles

Question 13

Orthostatic Hypertension

Answer 13

Drop in bp upon standing

• venous return and cardiac output decline
• sensory info from baroreceptiors travel in nerves IX and X to medulla
• Increase sympathetic

Question 14

Hypertension

Answer 14

Chronic high blood pressure

• common causes: obesity, Na sensitivity, insulin resistance, sleep apnea, genetics, age
• Risk factor for strokes, heart attacks, aneurysm, renal failure
• Liquorice

Question 15

Essential Hypertension

Answer 15

no medical cause found

Question 16

Secondary Hypertension

Answer 16

high bp caused by another condition

-kidney disease, tumors

Question 17

Liver Mortis/Lividity

Answer 17

Settling of blood in body after death
-purple/red color in 1-3 hrs
Max in 6-12 hrs

Question 18

Aneurysm

Answer 18

Ballooning of artery

-can compression nearby structures, get infected, rupture

Question 19

Edema

Answer 19

Accumulation of fluid in interstitial spaces

• Increase in hydrostatic pressure
• decrease bp
• decrease oncotic pressure
• Na retention and inflammation

Question 20

Hypovolemic Shock

Answer 20

Shock due to low blood volue

-Sympathoadrenal activation leads to tachycardia, vasoconstriction to non vital organs, drop in hr, cold clammy skin

Question 21

Atherosclerosis

Answer 21

Inflammatory disease of arterial walls

-loss of elasticity of arteries

Question 22

Embolism

Answer 22

Blockage of blood vessel by embolus

-often blood clot but can be air embolism

Question 23

Ischemic Stroke

Answer 23

blood flow cut off by clot

Question 24

Hemorrhagic stroke

Answer 24

bleeding into brain