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Phys20008 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

After birth, female primary oocytes may only undergo _____

A

Meiosis

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2
Q

When do spermatogonia begin meiosis?

A

Puberty

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3
Q

Where is GnRH released?

A

Hypothalamus

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4
Q

What two important reproductive hormones are released from the anterior pituitary gland?

A

Follicle stimulating hormone

Luteinizing hormone

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5
Q

What cells release testosterone?

A

Leydig cells

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6
Q

What hormone stimulates Leydig cells to release testosterone?

A

LH

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7
Q

What do Sertoli cells produce that reduces the lipophilic nature of testosterone so that it stays in the testes?

A

Androgen binding protein (ABP)

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8
Q

What neurotransmitter stimulates Sertoli cells to produce cell products to aid sperm production?

A

FSH

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9
Q

What hormone is produced by Sertoli cells to regulate the negative feedback loop for FSH?

A

Inhibin

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10
Q

What negative feedback effect does testosterone have on the hypothalamus and anterior pituitary?

A

Reduce GnRH release

Reduce LH release

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11
Q

What are the two major layers of a follicle?

A

Theca (outer)

Granulosa cells (inner)

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12
Q

What hormone is responsible for the recruitment of follicles?

A

FSH

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13
Q

What mechanisms suppress recruitment of follicles?

A

Recruited follicles stopping further recruitment

Anti-Mullerian hormone
Estrogen negative feedback loop on FSH and GnRH at low levels

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14
Q

What do thecal cells secrete which granulosa cells convert into estrogen?

A

Androgens

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15
Q

Estrogen has a ______ feedback loop with granulosa cells to produce ____ of itself

A

Positive

More

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16
Q

What is the phase of the menstrual cycle called when the follicles are finished recruiting, a follicle matures and there is a -ve FB on GnRH but +ve FB on granulosa cells due to estrogen?

A

Early to mid follicular phase

17
Q

In the late follicular and ovulation phase, estrogen has a ____ FB with GnRH (thus FSH and LH), but FSH is also _____ at the same time as Granulosa cells also release inhibin.

A

Positive

Inhibited

18
Q

What hormone is released during the late follicular/ovulation phase by granulosa cells which helps build the endometrial lining?

A

Progesterone

19
Q

What hormones does progesterone have a +ve FB with?

A

GnRH

LH (aids LH surge)

20
Q

During the LH surge, _____ is released, breaking down ______. Immune cells arrive to endocytose waste products and release ______.

This substance initiates contraction of the follicle so that ovulation occurs

A

Collagenase

Collagen

Prostaglandin

21
Q

The follicle matures into a _______ in the early to mid Luteal phase.

It secretes less ____ compared to before so the negative feedback loop returns but increases secretion of _________ and ______

A

Corpus Luteum

estrogen

progesterone

Inhibin

22
Q

In the late luteal phase when there is no pregnancy, the corpus luteum dies and levels of _____ and estrogen drop but ____ rises as new follicles develop.

A

Progesterone

FSH

23
Q

Where do the sperm and egg meet in the female?

A

Fallopian tube

24
Q

What is the process by which sperm is able to wriggle after interacting with cervical secretions?

A

Capacitation

25
Q

What is the outcome of the cortical reaction when the first and only sperm meets the egg?

A

A barrier is put up by the egg to prevent polyspermy

26
Q

What does the inner cell mass and outer cell mass develop into?

A

Inner cell mass - fetus

Outer cell mass - placenta

27
Q

What are the burrowing structures of the zygote that allows implantation into the uterus?

A

Cords of trophoblastic cells

28
Q

The fetus’ blood vessels are contained in _____ ____which are bathed in maternal blood in order to supply the fetus

A

Chorionic villi

29
Q

What hormone is released by the placenta to extend the life of corpus luteum so that progesterone maintains the endometrium until the placenta takes over progesterone production?

A

Human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG)

30
Q

What structures does estrogen from the placenta prepare and develop?

A

Prepares myometrium for labour

Develops breasts

31
Q

Where is oxytocin released?

A

Posterior pituitary gland

32
Q

During labour, what does estrogen break down that allows bones to separate?

A

Collagen

33
Q

Oxytocin directly affects uterine contractions and the release of what other substance from the uterine wall that aids contractions?

A

Prostaglandins

34
Q

What hormone-like substance is responsible for dilation of the cervix?

A

Prostaglandin

35
Q

Gap junctions between myometrial cells are increased as a result of estrogen. What effect does this have on uterus contraction?

A

Coordinated contraction

36
Q

Estrogen inserts extra _____ receptors in the myometrium to increase the responsiveness to low levels of the hormone

A

Oxytocin

37
Q

Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) is produced by the placenta nearing birth and interacts with the anterior pituitary of the fetus to produce ACTH which stimulates cortisol production. What does the cortisol induce release of?

A

Pulmonary surfactant

Phys20008 (8 decks)

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