Reproduction

Question 1

An organisms specific genetic sequence is called its ______________.

Answer 1

Genotype.

Question 2

An observable trait of an organism which is the result of the expression of its genotype is known as a __________.

Answer 2

Phenotype.

Question 3

Errors in DNA replication can give rise to gene ___________.

Answer 3

Mutations.

Question 4

The random variation in the frequency of genes in a population is called genetic _________.

Answer 4

Drift.

Question 5

Similarity in anatomical structures between different species is called anatomical __________.

Answer 5

Homology.

Question 6

Variations in the sequence of a specific gene are called __________.

Answer 6

Alleles.

Question 7

Gametes are haploid which means they contain _______ chromosomes.

Answer 7

23.

Question 8

The _________ are the primary sex organs that produce gametes and sex hormones.

Answer 8

Gonads (testes and ovaries).

Question 9

The _________ vesicles produce 70% of the volume of semen.

Answer 9

Seminal.

Question 10

Testosterone is produced by ________ cells of the testes.

Answer 10

Leydig.

Question 11

After meiosis, one spermatogonium generates ________ sperm cells (spermatozoa).

Answer 11

4.

Question 12

During menstruation, the stratum ___________ of the endometrium is shed.

Answer 12

Functionalis.

Question 13

During metaphase I of meiosis, genetic diversity can be increased by __________ of chromosomal segments.

Answer 13

Crossing-over.

Question 14

The formation of the cervical mucus plug is promoted by the hormone ____________.

Answer 14

Progesterone.

Question 15

The stratum functionalis of the endometrium thickens leading up to ovulation during the ________ phase of the uterine cycle.

Answer 15

Proliferative.

Question 16

Progesterone promotes a healthy stratum functionalis to prepare for embryo implantation during the _________ phase of the uterine cycle.

Answer 16

Secretory.

Question 17

Ovulation is promoted by a surge of LH and FSH caused by a ___________ loop in response to the oestrogen produced by the dominant follicle.

Answer 17

Positive feedback.

Question 18

Declining progesterone levels cause vasospasm of the _________ arteries which leads to shedding of the stratum functionalis.

Answer 18

Spiral.

Question 19

Before they can fertilise an ovum, sperm cells must undergo __________.

Answer 19

Capacitation.

Question 20

Acrosomal enzymes released by the sperm cell are required to break through the ___________.

Answer 20

Zona pellucida.

Question 21

A fertilised ovum is also called a ______.

Answer 21

Zygote.

Question 22

The 2 cell populations that exist in a blastocyst are the embryoblast and the ____________.

Answer 22

Trophoblast.

Question 23

The embryoblast divides into the epiblast and the __________.

Answer 23

Hypoblast.

Question 24

The hypoblast goes on to form the ________.

Answer 24

Yolk sac.

Question 25

The trophoblast goes on to form the chorion, which is the embryonic portion of the __________.

Answer 25

Placenta.

Question 26

During gastrulation, the epiblast divides into ____ germ layers.

Answer 26

3.

Question 27

The ectoderm gives rise to _________ tissue and the epidermis

Answer 27

Nervous.

Question 28

The embryonic periods ends after week _______.

Answer 28

8.

Question 29

Uterine contractions are stimulated by the hormone __________.

Answer 29

Oxytocin.

Question 30

The foetal aorta and pulmonary arteries are connected via the _____________, which closes shortly after birth.

Answer 30

Ductus arteriosis.