GI Tract Flashcards
The stomach wall consists of _______ layers of muscle.
3 (circular, longitudinal, oblique).
The folds of the stomach wall are called _______.
Rugae.
Pepsinogen is released by ________ cells.
Chief cells.
Hydrochloric acid is released by _______ cells.
Parietal.
Dietary fat is absorbed as monoglycerides or __________.
Free fatty acids.
Fatty acids are packaged into __________ for transport once absorbed from the small intestine.
Chylomicrons.
Trypsin and chymotrypsin is released by the __________.
Pancreas.
Circular and longitudinal muscles of the GI tract work together to propel food during _________.
Peristalsis.
The ________ nervous system can act independently of the central nervous system.
Enteric.
Macronutrients include carbohydrates, _______, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Lipids.
Micronutrients include ________ and minerals.
Vitamins.
Digestion refers to the mechanical and __________ breakdown of ingested food.
Chemical.
Chemical digestion of food is aided by __________.
Enzymes.
The myenteric plexus controls the activity of the _________ externa.
Muscularis.
The small intestine consists of the duodenum, the __________, and the ileum.
Jejunum.
_____ is needed to emulsify dietary lipid droplets.
Bile.
Bile is produced by _________.
Hepatocytes.
The release of bile is stimulated by ___________.
Cholecystokinin.
Gastric acid is neutralised by __________ in the duodenum.
Bicarbonate.
Bicarbonate release is stimulated by _________.
Secretin.
90% of nutrients and water is absorbed in the __________.
Small intestine.
Lipids in the form of chylomicrons are absorbed by ______ in intestinal villi.
Lacteals.
Carbohydrates are absorbed as __________.
Monosaccharides.
Proteins are absorbed by enterocytes as amino acids or __________.
Dipeptides and tripeptides.
