GI Tract

Question 1

The stomach wall consists of _______ layers of muscle.

Answer 1

3 (circular, longitudinal, oblique).

Question 2

The folds of the stomach wall are called _______.

Answer 2

Rugae.

Question 3

Pepsinogen is released by ________ cells.

Answer 3

Chief cells.

Question 4

Hydrochloric acid is released by _______ cells.

Answer 4

Parietal.

Question 5

Dietary fat is absorbed as monoglycerides or __________.

Answer 5

Free fatty acids.

Question 6

Fatty acids are packaged into __________ for transport once absorbed from the small intestine.

Answer 6

Chylomicrons.

Question 7

Trypsin and chymotrypsin is released by the __________.

Answer 7

Pancreas.

Question 8

Circular and longitudinal muscles of the GI tract work together to propel food during _________.

Answer 8

Peristalsis.

Question 9

The ________ nervous system can act independently of the central nervous system.

Answer 9

Enteric.

Question 10

Macronutrients include carbohydrates, _______, proteins, and nucleic acids.

Answer 10

Lipids.

Question 11

Micronutrients include ________ and minerals.

Answer 11

Vitamins.

Question 12

Digestion refers to the mechanical and __________ breakdown of ingested food.

Answer 12

Chemical.

Question 13

Chemical digestion of food is aided by __________.

Answer 13

Enzymes.

Question 14

The myenteric plexus controls the activity of the _________ externa.

Answer 14

Muscularis.

Question 15

The small intestine consists of the duodenum, the __________, and the ileum.

Answer 15

Jejunum.

Question 16

_____ is needed to emulsify dietary lipid droplets.

Answer 16

Bile.

Question 17

Bile is produced by _________.

Answer 17

Hepatocytes.

Question 18

The release of bile is stimulated by ___________.

Answer 18

Cholecystokinin.

Question 19

Gastric acid is neutralised by __________ in the duodenum.

Answer 19

Bicarbonate.

Question 20

Bicarbonate release is stimulated by _________.

Answer 20

Secretin.

Question 21

90% of nutrients and water is absorbed in the __________.

Answer 21

Small intestine.

Question 22

Lipids in the form of chylomicrons are absorbed by ______ in intestinal villi.

Answer 22

Lacteals.

Question 23

Carbohydrates are absorbed as __________.

Answer 23

Monosaccharides.

Question 24

Proteins are absorbed by enterocytes as amino acids or __________.

Answer 24

Dipeptides and tripeptides.

Question 25

Absorption of monosaccharides and amino acids is powered by __________.

Answer 25

Secondary active transport (sodium co-transporters).

Question 26

The large intestine contains bacteria that produce b vitamins and vitamin ______.

Answer 26

K (needed for blood clotting).

Question 27

The submucosal plexus controls _________.

Answer 27

Secretion from glands.

Question 28

Blood flows from the GI tract to the liver via the _________ vein.

Answer 28

Hepatic portal.

Question 29

The ______ is the master detoxifier of the body by breaking down drugs and hormones.

Answer 29

Liver.

Question 30

The liver is able to store iron, vitamins A, ____, D, and E.

Answer 30

B12.