Renal Flashcards
Renal blood flow is approximately ________ mL per minute.
1200.
The two types of nephron are cortical and __________.
Juxtamedullary.
Afferent arterioles branch of the _________ arteries.
Cortical radiate.
Most glucose and amino acids is reabsorbed in the __________.
Proximal convoluted tubule.
The proximal convoluted tubule reabsorbs around _____% of water and most ions.
65.
Aldosterone promotes water retention by increasing reabsorption of ___________.
Sodium.
Antidiuretic hormone increases the number of __________ channels in the collecting duct, which concentrates urine.
Aquaporin 2.
The descending loop of Henle is permeable to ______.
Water.
The strong osmotic gradient in the kidney medulla is generated by _____________.
Counter-current multiplication.
The glomerular filtration rate in a healthy adult is approximately ______.
90-120 mL/minute.
The smooth muscle of the bladder wall is also called the __________muscle.`
Detrussor.
In the myogenic feedback mechanism, vasoconstriction is stimulated by _____________.
Blood vessel stretch.
The juxtaglomerular macula densa cells release ________ to modulate GFR.
Nitric oxide.
Atrial natriuretic hormone causes relaxation of __________, which increases GFR.
Glomerular mesangial cells.
Angiotensin II causes vasoconstriction of both the afferent and efferent arteriole, which _______ GFR.
Decreases.
Parathyroid hormone acts on the distal convoluted tubule to _________ calcium reabsorption.
Increase.
Hydrogen ions are secreted in the PCT via a _________ antiporter.
Sodium-hydrogen.
Hydrogen ion secretion in the DCT and collecting duct is via ________ transport.
Active (hydrogen pumps require ATP to pump against concentration gradient).
Most calcium in the body is found in ________.
Bone (as calcium phosphate).
The kidneys release ________ in response to hypoxia to stimulate red blood cell production.
Erythropoietin (EPO).
Calcium ions are needed to cause release of __________ from presynaptic neurons.
Neurotransmitter.
Magnesium is an important _________ for enzymes involves in many reactions.
Cofactor.
As well as being a component of ATP, phosphate is an important component in ________ acids.
Nucleic.
The main buffer in urine is monohydrogen __________.
Phosphate.
