Cardiovascular System Flashcards
Cardiac output is the product of ________ and ________.
Stroke volume and heart rate.
Systole refers to ventricular contraction/relaxation.
Contraction.
The pacemaker of the heart under normal conditions is the ________ node.
Sinoatrial.
The depolarisation impulse is delayed at the _______ node to allow for ventricular filling.
Atrioventricular.
Cardiac ejection fraction is _________ divided by __________.
Stroke volume, end-diastolic volume.
The innermost layer of the heart wall is the _________.
Endocardium.
The superior and inferior vena cavae empty into the ________.
Right atrium.
The hole in the wall of the interatrial septum during foetal development is known as the ________.
Foramen ovale.
The atrioventricular valves are anchored by the ________.
Chordae tendinae.
The coronary arteries originate from the _________.
Base of the aorta.
The movement of ions between cardiomyocytes is facilitated by ________.
Gap junctions.
The intrinsic firing rate of the SA node is _______.
100 BPM.
Ventricular depolarisation is achieved through fast conduction via the ________.
Purkinje fibres.
The ______ wave of the ECG represents atrial depolarisation.
P
The QRS complex on an ECG represents ________.
Ventricular depolarisation.
Heart rate is increased when norepinephrine binds to ________ receptors.
Beta-1 adrenergic.
The innermost layer of the blood vessel wall is known as the ________.
Tunica intima.
The largest arteries in the body are the ________.
Elastic arteries.
Capillaries with holes in their endothelium are known as _______.
Fenestrated capillaries.
_________ capillaries have large clefts between endothelial cells that permit blood cells to move into circulation.
Sinusoidal.
Normal blood pressure is defined as ________.
120/80.
The longer the blood vessel, the ________ the resistance.
Greater.
Resistance to blood flow is inversely proportional to the diameter of the vessel lumen to the ________ power.
Fourth.
Low pH acts as a __________ in systemic circulation.
Vasodilator.
