Metabolism

Question 1

Glycolysis occurs in the _______.

Answer 1

Cytoplasm.

Question 2

The production of large molecules from smaller molecules is called _________.

Answer 2

Anabolism.

Question 3

Pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA in the presence of ________.

Answer 3

Oxygen.

Question 4

The production of new glucose molecules from scratch is called _________.

Answer 4

Gluconeogenesis.

Question 5

Glucose can be stored in liver and muscle cells as ________.

Answer 5

Glycogen.

Question 6

ATP Synthase is powered by the _________ gradient across the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Answer 6

Hydrogen ion.

Question 7

The end products of glucose catabolism are ATP, H2O, heat, and ________.

Answer 7

CO2.

Question 8

Glycolysis produces a net total of _____ ATP molecules.

Answer 8

2 (produces 4 and consumes 2).

Question 9

Amino acids can be ________ to produce ATP.

Answer 9

Deaminated.

Question 10

Excess energy can be stored as _________ for efficient storage.

Answer 10

Triglycerides.

Question 11

Amino acids are the building blocks of ________ and serve as precursors for hormones and neurotransmitters.

Answer 11

Proteins.

Question 12

Insulin is a ________ hormone.

Answer 12

Anabolic.

Question 13

Glucagon is a ________ hormone.

Answer 13

Catabolic.

Question 14

Glyogenolysis and gluconeogenesis are stimulated by ________.

Answer 14

Glucagon.

Question 15

The breakdown of fatty acids for energy is called __________.

Answer 15

Beta oxidation.

Question 16

Exergonic reactions release while _______ reactions use energy.

Answer 16

Endergonic.

Question 17

When oxygen is scarce, pyruvate is reduced to _________.

Answer 17

Lactic acid.

Question 18

The electron transport chain consists of _______ complexes plus ATP Synthase.

Answer 18

4.

Question 19

NADH delivers hydrogen atoms with their high energy electrons to ________.

Answer 19

Cytochrome complex I.

Question 20

FADH delivers hydrogen atoms with their high energy electrons to _______.

Answer 20

Cytochrome complex II.

Question 21

The Kreb cycle takes place in the ________ of the mitochondria.

Answer 21

Matrix.

Question 22

________ transporters are insulin dependent.

Answer 22

GLUT4.

Question 23

O2 serves as an electron ________.

Answer 23

Acceptor.

Question 24

One molecule of glucose can generate approx _______ molecules of ATP.

Answer 24

30-32.

Question 25

Cortisol promotes the _________ of protein.

Answer 25

Catabolism.

Question 26

New glucose molecules can be synthesised from the amino acids _______ and alanine.

Answer 26

Glutamine.

Question 27

VLDLs carry triglycerides from the _______ to body tissues.

Answer 27

Liver.

Question 28

HDLs carry __________ from body tissues to the liver.

Answer 28

Cholesterol.

Question 29

Cholesterol is needed to produce hormones and stabilise the _________.

Answer 29

Plasma membrane.