Pulmonary System

Question 1

Boyle’s Law states that _______ is inversely proportional to _______.

Answer 1

Pressure, volume.

Question 2

The Upper Respiratory Tract includes the nose, the nasal cavity, the _______, and the larynx.

Answer 2

Pharynx.

Question 3

The larynx contains the ______ which are required to produce speech.

Answer 3

Vocal folds.

Question 4

The _______ prevents food from entering the trachea.

Answer 4

Epiglottis.

Question 5

The left lung has ______ lobes while the right has ______.

Answer 5

2, 3.

Question 6

No gas exchange occurs in the ________ zone of the respiratory tract.

Answer 6

Conducting.

Question 7

Epinephrine and norepinephrine act on β2 receptors to cause ________ of bronchial smooth msucle.

Answer 7

Relaxation.

Question 8

Surfactant is produced by _________.

Answer 8

Type II pneumocytes.

Question 9

Surfactant helps keep alveoli from collapsing be reducing ________.

Answer 9

Surface tension.

Question 10

Respiratory epithelium contain _______ that move mucus and debris upwards in order to clear the respiratory tract.

Answer 10

Cilia.

Question 11

Gas exchange between the atmosphere and alveoli is known as ________ ventilation.

Answer 11

Pulmonary.

Question 12

The external intercostal muscles are involved in _________.

Answer 12

Inspiration.

Question 13

The ability of lungs to expand is also called lung ________.

Answer 13

Compliance.

Question 14

The resting respiratory rate in a health adult is around _______ breaths per minute.

Answer 14

12.

Question 15

Tidal volume is the volume inhaled/exhaled during rest and is about ______ mL.

Answer 15

500.

Question 16

The respiratory centre controls rate and depth of breathing and is located in the ________.

Answer 16

Brain stem (medulla oblongata and pons).

Question 17

Respiratory rate and depth is influence by blood O2 levels, CO2 levels, and blood ______.

Answer 17

pH.

Question 18

As blood CO2 levels rise, pH _______.

Answer 18

Declines.

Question 19

Atmospheric pressure is around _______ mmHg.

Answer 19

760.

Question 20

The partial pressure of O2 in atmospheric air is around _______.

Answer 20

0.21 (21%).

Question 21

Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures states that the pressure of a gas mixture is equal to the sum of the __________.

Answer 21

Partial pressures of gasses in that mixture.

Question 22

Henry’s Law states that the amount of gas dissolved in a liquid is proportional to its partial pressure and _________.

Answer 22

Solubility.

Question 23

The partial pressure of O2 in pulmonary veins is _______ mmHg due to the pulmonary shunt (deoxygenated blood mixes with oxygenated blood in the pulmonary veins).

Answer 23

100.

Question 23

The partial pressure of O2 in atmospheric air is 159 mmHg, but only ______ mmHg in the alveoli due to CO2 release and H2O vapour.

Answer 23

104.

Question 24

The oxygen dissociation curve is a sinusoidal curve that shows the percent of _________ at a given partial pressure of O2.

Answer 24

Haemoglobin saturation.

Question 25

The low CO2 of the alveolar capillaries shifts the oxygen dissociation curve ______, favouring oxygen loading.

Answer 25

Left.

Question 26

The high CO2 and low pH of metabolically active tissue shifts the oxygen dissociation curve _______, favouring oxygen unloading.

Answer 26

Right.

Question 27

Around ______ % of CO2 is transported in the blood in the form of bicarbonate (HCO3).

Answer 27

70.

Question 28

Asthma and COPD are examples of ________ lung disease.

Answer 28

Obstructive.

Question 29

For optimal gas exchange to occur, both ________ and perfusion need to be matched.

Answer 29

Ventilation.

Question 30

The normal blood pH range is ________.

Answer 30

7.35-7.45

Question 31

Hypoventilation causes ________ due to a build up of CO2.

Answer 31

Respiratory acidosis.