Immune System

Question 1

An organism capable of infecting and causing illness in a host is known as a _________.

Answer 1

Pathogen.

Question 2

Intact skin and mucous membranes are one component of the _______ immune system.

Answer 2

Innate.

Question 3

Plasma cells produce _________ which can bind to antigens on pathogens.

Answer 3

Antibodies.

Question 4

The first cells to arrive at the site of infection or injury are __________.

Answer 4

Neutrophils.

Question 5

Eosinophils are involved in immunity against _________.

Answer 5

Parasites (e.g worms).

Question 6

Mast cells and basophils release __________ which can cause hives (urticaria) in allergies.

Answer 6

Histamine.

Question 7

Dendritic cells, macrophages, and b cells are all ________ presenting cells.

Answer 7

Antigen.

Question 8

Helper T cells link the innate and adaptive immune system by activating B cells and _______ T cells.

Answer 8

Cytotoxic.

Question 9

T cells mature in the ________.

Answer 9

Thymus.

Question 10

T cells must be able to recognise _________ complex, which displays antigen fragments.

Answer 10

Major histocompatibility.

Question 11

The spleen helps recycle ____________ cells.

Answer 11

Red blood cells.

Question 12

Microorganisms that colonise the human body without causing illness are called ________ organisms.

Answer 12

Commensal.

Question 13

Cytotoxic T cells and natural killer cells attack both infected body cells as well as _______ cells.

Answer 13

Tumour.

Question 14

The cardinal symptoms of inflammation are redness, heat, ________, pain, and loss of function.

Answer 14

Swelling.

Question 15

White blood cells leave blood vessels through a processes called __________.

Answer 15

Diapedesis.

Question 16

White blood cells can locate the site of infection or injury by following chemical gradients in a process called ___________.

Answer 16

Chemotaxis.

Question 17

__________ help reduce viral replication by warning neighbouring cells of infection.

Answer 17

Interferons.

Question 18

The complement system is able to cause lysis of infectious microorganisms by forming a ________ attack complex.

Answer 18

Membrane.

Question 19

Antibodies passing from a mother to the foetus is a kind of natural ________ immunity.

Answer 19

Passive.

Question 20

Vaccines exploit the memory of the adaptive immune system and induce artificial _______ immunity.

Answer 20

Active.

Question 21

Autoimmune disease can arise when the immune system recognises ______ antigens as foreign.

Answer 21

Self.

Question 22

Helper T cells are also known as _______ T cells.

Answer 22

CD4+.

Question 23

Neutrophils can kill invading microorganisms by releasing reactive _______ species.

Answer 23

Oxygen.