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Clinical Lab Science > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Ovary produces…

A

Oocytes

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2
Q

Oviduct transports…

A

Oocytes

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3
Q

Uterus is where ____ development occurs

A

Fetal

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4
Q

Vagina is a…

A

Passageway, copulatory organ

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5
Q

Mammary glands produce…

A

Colostrum & milk

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6
Q

What are the five stages of estrous?

A
  1. Proestrus
  2. Metestrus
  3. Estrus
  4. Diestrus
  5. Anestrus
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7
Q

Estrus is when the female is ___ and can ____.

A

Receptive and can conceive

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8
Q

Diestrus is when ____ could occur or it is a post-____ period.

A
  1. Pregnancy could occur
  2. Post-estrus
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9
Q

Anestrus is when the reproduction system is ____.

A

Resting

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10
Q

Gestation is…

A

How long the pregnancy is

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11
Q

Female breeding soundness evaluation looks like: (4)

A
  1. History
  2. Physical exam
  3. Vaginal exam
    - Visual, digital, cytology
  4. Blood evaluation
    - Hormones, brucellosis
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12
Q

What are some reasons breeding may not occur? (5)

A
  1. Male-female incompatibility caused by physical problems in either the male or female.
  2. Psychological problems
  3. Behavioral problems
  4. Constraints on the availability of the male, or # of breeding possible, is it important that the cycle be monitored closely for optimal timing
  5. Shipping chilled or frozen sperm require excellent timing of the the fertile period.
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13
Q

Some signs that the “bitch” is ready to breed: (4)

A
  1. Behavior:
    - Flagging the tail & standing to be mounted
  2. Physical signs:
    - Vulvar swelling
    - Bloody discharge
  3. Vaginal cytology
  4. Hormone assay for either progesterone or LH
    - Hormone assay is the best for determining the fertile period!
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14
Q

Vaginal cytology collection (6)

A
  1. Moisten a cotton swab with 1-2 drops of sterile saline.
  2. Open vulvar lips
  3. Pull the vulva dorsally and insert the swab
  4. Swab dorsally & posterior
  5. Then up & over the pelvic brim and into anterior vagina
  6. Roll & stain on slide
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15
Q

When no estrogen is present the vaginal wall is very ___ and is compromised of ___ cells.

A
  1. Very thin
  2. Compromised of non-cornified cells
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16
Q

When estrogen rises during proestrus, the vaginal epithelium becomes ___ and more ____.

A

Hyperplastic and cornified

17
Q

T/F: During proestrus the percent of cornified cells increases by about 10% per day

A

True

18
Q

T/F: Cornification of the cells during estrus is max 90%

A

False! During estrus there will be 100% cornified cells

19
Q

Vaginal cytology
What will you see during proestrus? (3)

A
  • Red cells
  • Basal & parabasal cells
  • Begin to cornify
20
Q

Vaginal cytology during estrus, what will you see? (Or not see)

A
  • All squamous epithelial cells cornified
  • Rare nuclei
  • No PMNs
21
Q

Vaginal cytology during diestrus you will see what?

A
  • After estrus, which is 100% cornification, first day of diestrus is marked with the abrupt change to only 50% cornification
  • An increase in PMNs can be noticed as they help clean up the cellular debris
22
Q

What will you see on a vaginal cytology during anestrus? (Or not see)
(3)

A
  • No vulvar swelling
  • No vaginal discharge
  • Immature parabasal cells predominate
23
Q

Progesterone testing
Before the LH peak, the progesterone is at ___ng/mL.
On the day of LH peak, pregesteron rises to ~___-___ng/mL.
Thereafter, the progesterone is ___ng/mL

A
  1. <1.0 ng/mL
  2. ~1.5-2.0 ng/mL
  3. > 0.5 ng/mL
24
Q

Luteinizing hormone determines the day of ___. Dog ova must capacitate ___hrs before they can be ___.

A
  1. Ovulation
  2. For 24hrs
  3. Fertilized
25
Q

Sperm is made in ___ tubules

A

Seminiferous tubules

26
Q

Testes secrete ___.

A

Testosterone

27
Q

Epididymis stores ___.

A

Sperm!

28
Q

Sperm travels through the ___ cord. This cord enters the body through the ___ ring.

A
  1. Spermatic cord
  2. Spermatic cord enters the body thru the Inguinal ring
29
Q

Prostate is…

A

An accessory gland that adds secretions to semen

30
Q

Penis is a ___ and a ___ organ.

A
  1. Passageway
  2. Copulatory organ
31
Q

What are the three steps of ejaculation?

A
  1. Pre-sperm:
    - clear, first portion seen during initial thrusts
  2. Sperm rich:
    - White portion seen during thrusts
  3. Prostatic portion:
    - Clear portion seen when thrusting is done. This is not needed for fertility. Can be collected to eval the prostate.
32
Q

T/F: Prostatic portion of ejaculation is not needed for fertility. But, it can be collected to eval the prostate.

A

True!

33
Q

Anatomy of the sperm (4)

A
  1. Acrosome
    - contains enzymes to penetrate oocyte
  2. Head
    - contains DNA
  3. Neck
    - contains mitochondria
  4. Tail
    - provides locomotion
34
Q

Male breeding evaluation soundness includes: (5)

A
  1. History
  2. Physical exam
  3. Digital exam
  4. Semen eval
    - Morphology & motility
  5. Blood test
    - Hormones & brucellosis
35
Q

When evaluating sperm, what are we looking for? (5)

A
  1. Volume of sperm
  2. Color
  3. Sperm motility (on a warm slide)
  4. Living to dead ratio
  5. Sperm morphology
36
Q

Sperm morphology:
1. Head abnormalities:
2. Tail abnormalities:

A
  1. Head
    - Detached
    - Elongated
    - Double head
  2. Tail
    - Coiled
    - Bend
    - Droplet

Clinical Lab Science (15 decks)

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