Reproduction Flashcards
Ovary produces…
Oocytes
Oviduct transports…
Oocytes
Uterus is where ____ development occurs
Fetal
Vagina is a…
Passageway, copulatory organ
Mammary glands produce…
Colostrum & milk
What are the five stages of estrous?
- Proestrus
- Metestrus
- Estrus
- Diestrus
- Anestrus
Estrus is when the female is ___ and can ____.
Receptive and can conceive
Diestrus is when ____ could occur or it is a post-____ period.
- Pregnancy could occur
- Post-estrus
Anestrus is when the reproduction system is ____.
Resting
Gestation is…
How long the pregnancy is
Female breeding soundness evaluation looks like: (4)
- History
- Physical exam
- Vaginal exam
- Visual, digital, cytology - Blood evaluation
- Hormones, brucellosis
What are some reasons breeding may not occur? (5)
- Male-female incompatibility caused by physical problems in either the male or female.
- Psychological problems
- Behavioral problems
- Constraints on the availability of the male, or # of breeding possible, is it important that the cycle be monitored closely for optimal timing
- Shipping chilled or frozen sperm require excellent timing of the the fertile period.
Some signs that the “bitch” is ready to breed: (4)
- Behavior:
- Flagging the tail & standing to be mounted - Physical signs:
- Vulvar swelling
- Bloody discharge - Vaginal cytology
- Hormone assay for either progesterone or LH
- Hormone assay is the best for determining the fertile period!
Vaginal cytology collection (6)
- Moisten a cotton swab with 1-2 drops of sterile saline.
- Open vulvar lips
- Pull the vulva dorsally and insert the swab
- Swab dorsally & posterior
- Then up & over the pelvic brim and into anterior vagina
- Roll & stain on slide
When no estrogen is present the vaginal wall is very ___ and is compromised of ___ cells.
- Very thin
- Compromised of non-cornified cells
When estrogen rises during proestrus, the vaginal epithelium becomes ___ and more ____.
Hyperplastic and cornified
T/F: During proestrus the percent of cornified cells increases by about 10% per day
True
T/F: Cornification of the cells during estrus is max 90%
False! During estrus there will be 100% cornified cells
Vaginal cytology
What will you see during proestrus? (3)
- Red cells
- Basal & parabasal cells
- Begin to cornify
Vaginal cytology during estrus, what will you see? (Or not see)
- All squamous epithelial cells cornified
- Rare nuclei
- No PMNs
Vaginal cytology during diestrus you will see what?
- After estrus, which is 100% cornification, first day of diestrus is marked with the abrupt change to only 50% cornification
- An increase in PMNs can be noticed as they help clean up the cellular debris
What will you see on a vaginal cytology during anestrus? (Or not see)
(3)
- No vulvar swelling
- No vaginal discharge
- Immature parabasal cells predominate
Progesterone testing
Before the LH peak, the progesterone is at ___ng/mL.
On the day of LH peak, pregesteron rises to ~___-___ng/mL.
Thereafter, the progesterone is ___ng/mL
- <1.0 ng/mL
- ~1.5-2.0 ng/mL
- > 0.5 ng/mL
Luteinizing hormone determines the day of ___. Dog ova must capacitate ___hrs before they can be ___.
- Ovulation
- For 24hrs
- Fertilized
Sperm is made in ___ tubules
Seminiferous tubules
Testes secrete ___.
Testosterone
Epididymis stores ___.
Sperm!
Sperm travels through the ___ cord. This cord enters the body through the ___ ring.
- Spermatic cord
- Spermatic cord enters the body thru the Inguinal ring
Prostate is…
An accessory gland that adds secretions to semen
Penis is a ___ and a ___ organ.
- Passageway
- Copulatory organ
What are the three steps of ejaculation?
- Pre-sperm:
- clear, first portion seen during initial thrusts - Sperm rich:
- White portion seen during thrusts - Prostatic portion:
- Clear portion seen when thrusting is done. This is not needed for fertility. Can be collected to eval the prostate.
T/F: Prostatic portion of ejaculation is not needed for fertility. But, it can be collected to eval the prostate.
True!
Anatomy of the sperm (4)
- Acrosome
- contains enzymes to penetrate oocyte - Head
- contains DNA - Neck
- contains mitochondria - Tail
- provides locomotion
Male breeding evaluation soundness includes: (5)
- History
- Physical exam
- Digital exam
- Semen eval
- Morphology & motility - Blood test
- Hormones & brucellosis
When evaluating sperm, what are we looking for? (5)
- Volume of sperm
- Color
- Sperm motility (on a warm slide)
- Living to dead ratio
- Sperm morphology
Sperm morphology:
1. Head abnormalities:
2. Tail abnormalities:
- Head
- Detached
- Elongated
- Double head - Tail
- Coiled
- Bend
- Droplet
