Blood Chemistry Flashcards
Plasma is the ___ portion of whole blood in which the cells are suspended.
Plasma is about 90% ___ and 10% dissolved constituents, like (7)
- Fluid
- Water
- Proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, hormones, lipids, salts, & antibodies
What is serum?
It is plasma from which fibrinogen, plasma protein, & platelets have been removed by the clotting & centrifuge process
Clinical chemistry evaluates the constituents of normally occurring body fluids such as… (5)
- Blood (serum or plasma)
- Urine
- Cerebrospinal fluid
- Synovial fluid
- Cavity fluids (peritoneal or pleural)
Clinical chemistry results give clues regarding: (5)
- Cellular damage
- Exposure to specific infectious disease (FeLV, Lyme)
- Hydration status
- Organ function
- Hormone production
What are four possible interferences that can happen with the samples you collect from a patient?
- Hemolysis
- Lipemia
- Icterus
- Drugs
- Corticosteroids (prednisone) & Phenobarbital will cause drug induction of liver enzymes
- Sulfa antibiotics may cause crystals in urine
Red top tube
None
Serum
Tiger top tub
Clot activator gel
Serum
Green top tube
Lithium heparin
Plasma
Gray top tube
Sodium fluoride
Glucose
Lavender top tube
EDTA
Whole blood hematology
What is the function of the Exocrine pancreas?
To produce digestive enzymes such as amylase (starch) and lipase (fat)
Elevations of amylase and lipase suggest ___ disease
Pancreas disease
pCO2 & pO2 can be measured from ___. This measures ___ exchange in the lungs.
- Blood! Arterial sample is most accurate.
- Measures gas exchange
It can take the blood work __ to __ hours to show issues, or sometimes not at all!
6 to 12 hours
Liver function
Remove toxins from the body and bile system assists with fat metabolism
ALT is the enzyme that leaks from damaged ___ cells the most in carnivores
Damaged liver cells
___ elevation occur with liver disease and RBC destruction. ___ is a protein made in the liver but will decrease with severe intestinal or kidney disease.
- Bilirubin
- Albumin
Bile acid study is a great test for ___ function
Liver
Kidney function (3)
Maintain body homeostasis by:
1. Removing toxins
2. Maintaining water and electrolyte balance
3. Maintaining blood pressure and RBC count
Kidney evaluation is done with (3)
- Chemistries of urine
- Culture and cytology
- Voided vs cysto
- Kidney vs urinary bladder - Urine: Concentration
- Measured in USG
Sp gr of water is ___ and normal urine USG is ___
Water: 1.000
Normal urine: 1.030
What % of kidneys must be damaged before seeing disease/failure?
75% of both kidneys must be damaged
Kidney blood chem:
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) reflects ___ filtration rate of the kidney. Elevated BUN is called ___.
Although, ___ is a more accurate test of function.
- Glomerular filtration rate
- Azotemia
- Creatinine
Azotemia is…
Elevation of the BUN in the kidneys