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Clinical Lab Science > Blood Chemistry > Flashcards

Blood Chemistry Flashcards

1
Q

Plasma is the ___ portion of whole blood in which the cells are suspended.
Plasma is about 90% ___ and 10% dissolved constituents, like (7)

A
  1. Fluid
  2. Water
  3. Proteins, carbohydrates, vitamins, hormones, lipids, salts, & antibodies
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2
Q

What is serum?

A

It is plasma from which fibrinogen, plasma protein, & platelets have been removed by the clotting & centrifuge process

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3
Q

Clinical chemistry evaluates the constituents of normally occurring body fluids such as… (5)

A
  1. Blood (serum or plasma)
  2. Urine
  3. Cerebrospinal fluid
  4. Synovial fluid
  5. Cavity fluids (peritoneal or pleural)
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4
Q

Clinical chemistry results give clues regarding: (5)

A
  1. Cellular damage
  2. Exposure to specific infectious disease (FeLV, Lyme)
  3. Hydration status
  4. Organ function
  5. Hormone production
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5
Q

What are four possible interferences that can happen with the samples you collect from a patient?

A
  1. Hemolysis
  2. Lipemia
  3. Icterus
  4. Drugs
    - Corticosteroids (prednisone) & Phenobarbital will cause drug induction of liver enzymes
    - Sulfa antibiotics may cause crystals in urine
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6
Q

Red top tube

A

None
Serum

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7
Q

Tiger top tub

A

Clot activator gel
Serum

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8
Q

Green top tube

A

Lithium heparin
Plasma

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9
Q

Gray top tube

A

Sodium fluoride
Glucose

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10
Q

Lavender top tube

A

EDTA
Whole blood hematology

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11
Q

What is the function of the Exocrine pancreas?

A

To produce digestive enzymes such as amylase (starch) and lipase (fat)

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12
Q

Elevations of amylase and lipase suggest ___ disease

A

Pancreas disease

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13
Q

pCO2 & pO2 can be measured from ___. This measures ___ exchange in the lungs.

A
  1. Blood! Arterial sample is most accurate.
  2. Measures gas exchange
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14
Q

It can take the blood work __ to __ hours to show issues, or sometimes not at all!

A

6 to 12 hours

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15
Q

Liver function

A

Remove toxins from the body and bile system assists with fat metabolism

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16
Q

ALT is the enzyme that leaks from damaged ___ cells the most in carnivores

A

Damaged liver cells

17
Q

___ elevation occur with liver disease and RBC destruction. ___ is a protein made in the liver but will decrease with severe intestinal or kidney disease.

A
  1. Bilirubin
  2. Albumin
18
Q

Bile acid study is a great test for ___ function

A

Liver

19
Q

Kidney function (3)

A

Maintain body homeostasis by:
1. Removing toxins
2. Maintaining water and electrolyte balance
3. Maintaining blood pressure and RBC count

20
Q

Kidney evaluation is done with (3)

A
  1. Chemistries of urine
  2. Culture and cytology
    - Voided vs cysto
    - Kidney vs urinary bladder
  3. Urine: Concentration
    - Measured in USG
21
Q

Sp gr of water is ___ and normal urine USG is ___

A

Water: 1.000
Normal urine: 1.030

22
Q

What % of kidneys must be damaged before seeing disease/failure?

A

75% of both kidneys must be damaged

23
Q

Kidney blood chem:
Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) reflects ___ filtration rate of the kidney. Elevated BUN is called ___.
Although, ___ is a more accurate test of function.

A
  1. Glomerular filtration rate
  2. Azotemia
  3. Creatinine
24
Q

Azotemia is…

A

Elevation of the BUN in the kidneys

25
Q

What are secondary problems of kidney disease?

A
  1. Anemia - Decreased erythropoietin
  2. Low albumin: Leaking nephron
  3. Low blood pH: Increased H+
26
Q

Endocrine Organs
Parathyroid

A

Regulation of calcium metabolism
- Parathormone (PTH) is what’s measured

27
Q

Endocrine Organs
Thyroid

A

Regulation of metabolic rate
- Thyroxine (T4) is measured

28
Q

Endocrine Organs
Pancreas

A

Glucose regulation
- Insulin: Lowers blood glucose
If no insulin = diabetes mellitus
- Glucagon: Raises blood glucose

29
Q

Endocrine Organs
Adrenal (2)

A
  1. Hormones for stress response
    - Corticosteroids (prednisone like).
    - Excess corticosteroids = Cushing’s
  2. Electrolyte balance
    - Mineralocorticoids
30
Q

Endocrine Organs
Pituitary

A

Located in the brain, secretes hormones to communicate w/other endocrine organs
- Antidiuretic hormone
- Gonadotropins
- Growth hormone

31
Q

Total body water is made up of ____ fluid and ___ fluid. The latter is consisted of ___, ___, & ___.

A
  1. Intracellular fluid
  2. Extracellular fluid
  3. Blood, intestinal tract, & cavity spaces
32
Q

Electrolytes
1. Anion & Cation charges
2. Kidneys attempt to ___ ___ between cations & anions

A
  1. Charges
    a. Anion (-)
    - Cl-, HCO3-
    b. Cation (+)
    - K+, Na+, H+
  2. Maintain balance w/cations & anions
33
Q
  1. Blood pH is hydrogen ion ____.
  2. ____ in pH of blood = acidosis
  3. ____ in pH of blood = alkalosis
A
  1. Concentration
  2. Decrease
  3. Increase

**Once you have this down shake up the missing words plz (I’m talking to u Iz)

Clinical Lab Science (15 decks)

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