Cytology Flashcards
Cytology
Study of cells as individuals
Histology
Study of tissues
finish cytology terms!!
What is the primary purpose of cytology? (3)
- Benign vs malignant
- Determine nature of inflammatory reactions
- Infectious
- Allergic
- Toxic - Identify causative agents
T/F: One of the primary purposes of cytology is to differentiate between benign and malignant
True!
What are some advantages of cytology? (6)
- Rapid sample collection & eval
- Special equipment not generally needed
- Sed/anesthesia rarely needed
- Several sample prep options
- Several staining options
- Inexpensive
What are some disadvantages of cytology? (3)
- Doesn’t provide the same into as histology
- Hist is more accurate
- Provides tissues architecture info - Only very limited # of cells being eval compared to entire mass or organ
- Certain organs , tumors, or diseases yield little or no info on cytology
Name the 6 sample techniques
- Swabs
- Scrapings
- Imprints
- FNA
- Capillary tech
- Centesis
Collection techniques:
Swabs
1. Used when
2. How to do it
- Used when:
- Aspirate or scrapings no t possible
- Commonly usages: Otic cyt, nasal exudates, vaginal cyt, & conjunctival cyt. - How to do it
- Moist sterile cotton or rayon swab
Collection techniques:
Scrapings
1. Used when
2. How to do it
- Used when
- Smears of scrapings from biopsy samples or skin lesions - How to do it
- Scalpel blade held perpendicular to tissue & gently dragged across surface in one direction
- Material collected is dragged across a slide
- For skin add mineral to collect mites
Collection techniques:
Imprints “Tape prep”
How to do it
How to do it
1. Slide or tape is pressed against open wound or lesion
- or -
2. Slide is pressed against biopsy sample after excess blood/fluid removed with gauze
Collection techniques:
FNA
1. Used when
2. How to do it
Collection techniques:
Capillary tech
1. Used when
2. How to do it
- Used when
- For delicate cells or samples - How to do it
- Needle placed into tissue or lymph node w/o syringe
- Needle is rapidly thrust back & forth w/slight changes in direction
- Needle attached to air filled syringe to blow sample onto slide
Collection techniques:
Centesis
1. Used when
2. What should be recorded when doing this?
- Used when:
- Needle insertion into any body organ or cavity to collect fluid
- Can be diagnostic or therapeutic - Record:
- Amount of fluid
- Appearance of fluid, may change from beginning to end
Centesis terms
Cysto
Abdominalcentesis
Thoracocentesis
Arthocentesis
Centesis samples are normally submitted for… (3)
- Cytology: slides or purple top
- Culture: in cult media or red top
- Possible chem analysis: red or grey top
T/F: Fluid samples, no matter how large, should never be placed in any sample tubes
False! If a vol of 0.25mL or greater is collected you may put it in a purple top (EDTA) and refrigerate
Smear prep
How to do it
- Spray sample in middle of clean slide
- Lay spreader slide at 45 angle & back into 1/3 of sample
- Pull spreader forward rapidly and smoothly
Squash prep
How to do it
- Place sample in middle of clean slide
- Place spreader horizontal to sample slide
- Spreader is pulled smoothly and rapidly across
Starfish prep
How to do it
- Place sample om middle of slide
- Drag sample w/tip of needle in mult directions
This has the least damage to fragile cells, but can lead to an overall thick sample
Concentration techniques
1. Why do we do it?
2. The three methods
