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HUBS 192 > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the organs where gametes are produced called?

A

Gonads

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2
Q

Another name for sperm

A

spermatozoa

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3
Q

another name for eggs

A

oocytes

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4
Q

Where are spermatozoa produced

A

Testes

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5
Q

Where are oocytes produces

A

Ovaries

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6
Q

What do genitalia allow for

A

Allow for coitus so gametes can form a embryo

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7
Q

What are the three main bones the pelvis is made up of

A

Hip bones, sacrum, coccyx

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8
Q

What are the three bones of the hip bone

A

Ilium, pubis, ischium

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9
Q

What are the two regions of the pelvis

A

pelvic inlet and outlet

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10
Q

Which is the most superior of the pelvic inlet and outlet

A

The inlet

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11
Q

Is the pelvic inlet open or closed

A

open

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12
Q

is the pelvic outlet open or closed

A

closed - by muscles

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13
Q

Which is bigger the pelvic inlet or outlet

A

inlet

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14
Q

What are the two pelvic subdivisions

A

False/greater pelvis and the true/lesser pelvis

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15
Q

Which is the more superior of the pelvis subdivisions

A

The false/greater pelvis

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16
Q

Where is the false/greater pelvis located

A

Above pelvic inlet

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17
Q

Where is the lesser/ true pelvis located

A

bETWEEN inlet and outlet

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18
Q

What does the lesser pelvis contain

A

Internal reproductive organs

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19
Q

Difference between male and female pelvis

A

Male has narrower subpubic angle
Male have heart shaped inlet whereas women have oval
Males have curved coccyx; females have straight

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20
Q

What 2 muscles does the pelvic diaphragm consist of

A

Levator ani
Coccygeus

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21
Q

What is the muscle in the urogenital triangle

A

Deep transverse perineal muscle

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22
Q

What is the anterior perineum triangle called

A

Urogenital triangle

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23
Q

What does the urogenital triangle contain

A

Urethra and external genitalia
Vagina - in females

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24
Q

WHat is the posterior perineum triangle called

A

Anal triangle

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25
Q

What does the anal triangle contain

A

The anus and fat

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26
Q

What does the scrotum contain

A

2 Testes
2 epididymides
2 spermatic cords

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27
Q

what are the testes surrounded by

A

dense fibrous capsule - the tunica albuginea

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28
Q

The order drom seminiforous tubules to ductus deferens

A

sEMINIFEROUS tubules - rete testis - efferent ductules - epididymis - ductus deferens

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29
Q

What cells produce testosterone

A

Interstitial endocrine cells (leydig)

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30
Q

What cells produce inhibin in males

A

nurse cells

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31
Q

What is the epididymis broken up into

A

Head, body and tail

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32
Q

What happens in epididymis

A

site of sperm maturation

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33
Q

What is the ampulla

A

muscular duct - formed from the ductus deferens dilating
if ejaculation doesn’t occur it gets released through here and peed out

34
Q

What is the epithelium of the male urethra

A

Transitional, columnar to stratified squamous

35
Q

Three regions of the male urethra from superior to inferior

A

Prostatic, membranous, penile/spongy

36
Q

What does the internal urethral sphincter do

A

made of detrusor muscle and ensures sperm doesn’t go into the bladder

37
Q

Internal reproductive organs are found in the cavity enclosed by the …… pelvis

A
38
Q

Internal reproductive organs are found in the cavity enclosed by the …… pelvis

A

true/lesser

39
Q

the external genitalia is found in the ….triangle of the perineal region

A

Urogenital

40
Q

Openings in the male pelvic floor include the urethra and….

A

anus

41
Q

Openings in the female pelvic floor include the urethra, …… and ……

A

vagina and anus

42
Q

Spermatogenesis occurs in the …….within the testes

A

seminifourus

43
Q

The path of sperm:
From the seminifourus tubules the spermatozoa travel into the…. the ……. the ejaculatory ducts and finally the….

A

Epididymus, ductus deferens and urethra

44
Q

The urethra is divided into 3 regions: the prostatic urethra the membranous and the …

A

penile/ spongy

45
Q

What prevent sperm from ending up in the blood during ejaculation

A

Internal sphincter

46
Q

What are the three regions od the epididymus known as

A

head, body, tail

47
Q

where would you find spermatogonia

A

in the seminifourus tubules

48
Q

Why is the scrotum located outside the body

A

to maintain temp at 34

49
Q

what muscle is the scrotum lined by

A

dartos muscle

50
Q

What is cremastor muscle function

A

Contracts for heat conservation

51
Q

Where are the spermatic cord located

A

Between abdomen and testes

52
Q

What does the spermatic cord contain

A

Ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics

53
Q

What does the venous plexus of the spermatic cord allow for

A

air exchange for cooling

54
Q

What are the regions of the penis from your body to end

A

root, body, Glans covered by prepuce/foreskin

55
Q

How many corpora cavernosa are there

A

two

56
Q

How many corpus spongiosum are there

A

1

57
Q

What are the names of the erectile tissues

A

Corpora cavernosa (2)
Corpus spongiosum (1)

58
Q

The scrotum houses the testes outside the body to maintain temperature at …

A

34

59
Q

The dartos and cremastor muscles are involved in…..

A

temperature regulation

60
Q

the spermatic cord contain the ductus deferens and the …., …… and the ….. vessels and nerves that supply the testes

A

testicular artery, venous plexus and lymphatics

61
Q

the penis contain erectile tissues known as corpora …….. and the corpus ……

A

cavernosa and spongiosum

62
Q

What three glands is seminal fluid mostly produced by

A

Seminal, prostate and bulbourethral

63
Q

What does seminal vesicle produce

A

Viscous secretion - makes up 60% of semen
- alkaline pH protects sperm against acidic environment in urethra and vagina

64
Q

What does prostate gland produce

A

secretion - 30% od semen
- slightly acidic, milky
contains PSA: prostate specific antigen
contributes to sperm activation, viability and motility

65
Q

wHat does bulbourethral glands produce

A

contribute 5% of semen volume
secretions lubricate and neutralise acidity in urethra prior to ejaculation

66
Q

What makes up the final 5% of semen

A

Spermatozoa

67
Q

WhAT happens in meiosis 1

A

two haploid cells form from one diploid cell

68
Q

what happens in meiosis 2

A

each cell produced from meiosis 1 divides to produce 2 haploid cells with 23 chromosomes

69
Q

What is spermatogenesis

A

Formation of the male gamete
the process where spermatogonia are transformed to mature spermatozoa

70
Q

When does spermatogenesis occur

A

from puberty onwards

71
Q

Where does speratogenesis occur

A

seminiferous tubules

72
Q

Spermatogenesis is the formation of…. from spermatogonia

A

spermatozoa

73
Q

spermatogenesis requires both mitosis and …

A

meiosis

74
Q

Four spermatozoa are produces from 1 primary ….

A

spermatocyte

75
Q

Spermiogenesis is the maturation of … into spermatozoa

A

spermatids

76
Q

Spermatogenesis is regulated by a negative feedback loop with hormones produces by the hypothalamus and anterior….., and the interstitial endocrine and …. cells in the testes

A

Pituitary and nurse

77
Q

Where is inhibin produced from

A

nurse cells in testes

78
Q

Where is testosterone produced from

A

leydig cells

79
Q

How many sperm are produced from one primary spermatocyte

A

4 spermatozoa

80
Q

which accessory gland contrivutes the most to seminal fluid in terms of volume

A

seminal vesicles

81
Q

What is the specific name of the process by which spermatids become spermatozoa

A

spermiogenesis

HUBS 192 (7 decks)

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