Reproduction Flashcards
What are the organs where gametes are produced called?
Gonads
Another name for sperm
spermatozoa
another name for eggs
oocytes
Where are spermatozoa produced
Testes
Where are oocytes produces
Ovaries
What do genitalia allow for
Allow for coitus so gametes can form a embryo
What are the three main bones the pelvis is made up of
Hip bones, sacrum, coccyx
What are the three bones of the hip bone
Ilium, pubis, ischium
What are the two regions of the pelvis
pelvic inlet and outlet
Which is the most superior of the pelvic inlet and outlet
The inlet
Is the pelvic inlet open or closed
open
is the pelvic outlet open or closed
closed - by muscles
Which is bigger the pelvic inlet or outlet
inlet
What are the two pelvic subdivisions
False/greater pelvis and the true/lesser pelvis
Which is the more superior of the pelvis subdivisions
The false/greater pelvis
Where is the false/greater pelvis located
Above pelvic inlet
Where is the lesser/ true pelvis located
bETWEEN inlet and outlet
What does the lesser pelvis contain
Internal reproductive organs
Difference between male and female pelvis
Male has narrower subpubic angle
Male have heart shaped inlet whereas women have oval
Males have curved coccyx; females have straight
What 2 muscles does the pelvic diaphragm consist of
Levator ani
Coccygeus
What is the muscle in the urogenital triangle
Deep transverse perineal muscle
What is the anterior perineum triangle called
Urogenital triangle
What does the urogenital triangle contain
Urethra and external genitalia
Vagina - in females
WHat is the posterior perineum triangle called
Anal triangle
What does the anal triangle contain
The anus and fat
What does the scrotum contain
2 Testes
2 epididymides
2 spermatic cords
what are the testes surrounded by
dense fibrous capsule - the tunica albuginea
The order drom seminiforous tubules to ductus deferens
sEMINIFEROUS tubules - rete testis - efferent ductules - epididymis - ductus deferens
What cells produce testosterone
Interstitial endocrine cells (leydig)
What cells produce inhibin in males
nurse cells
What is the epididymis broken up into
Head, body and tail
What happens in epididymis
site of sperm maturation
What is the ampulla
muscular duct - formed from the ductus deferens dilating
if ejaculation doesn’t occur it gets released through here and peed out
What is the epithelium of the male urethra
Transitional, columnar to stratified squamous
Three regions of the male urethra from superior to inferior
Prostatic, membranous, penile/spongy
What does the internal urethral sphincter do
made of detrusor muscle and ensures sperm doesn’t go into the bladder
Internal reproductive organs are found in the cavity enclosed by the …… pelvis
Internal reproductive organs are found in the cavity enclosed by the …… pelvis
true/lesser
the external genitalia is found in the ….triangle of the perineal region
Urogenital
Openings in the male pelvic floor include the urethra and….
anus
Openings in the female pelvic floor include the urethra, …… and ……
vagina and anus
Spermatogenesis occurs in the …….within the testes
seminifourus
The path of sperm:
From the seminifourus tubules the spermatozoa travel into the…. the ……. the ejaculatory ducts and finally the….
Epididymus, ductus deferens and urethra
The urethra is divided into 3 regions: the prostatic urethra the membranous and the …
penile/ spongy
What prevent sperm from ending up in the blood during ejaculation
Internal sphincter
What are the three regions od the epididymus known as
head, body, tail
where would you find spermatogonia
in the seminifourus tubules
Why is the scrotum located outside the body
to maintain temp at 34
what muscle is the scrotum lined by
dartos muscle
What is cremastor muscle function
Contracts for heat conservation
Where are the spermatic cord located
Between abdomen and testes
What does the spermatic cord contain
Ductus deferens, blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics
What does the venous plexus of the spermatic cord allow for
air exchange for cooling
What are the regions of the penis from your body to end
root, body, Glans covered by prepuce/foreskin
How many corpora cavernosa are there
two
How many corpus spongiosum are there
1
What are the names of the erectile tissues
Corpora cavernosa (2)
Corpus spongiosum (1)
The scrotum houses the testes outside the body to maintain temperature at …
34
The dartos and cremastor muscles are involved in…..
temperature regulation
the spermatic cord contain the ductus deferens and the …., …… and the ….. vessels and nerves that supply the testes
testicular artery, venous plexus and lymphatics
the penis contain erectile tissues known as corpora …….. and the corpus ……
cavernosa and spongiosum
What three glands is seminal fluid mostly produced by
Seminal, prostate and bulbourethral
What does seminal vesicle produce
Viscous secretion - makes up 60% of semen
- alkaline pH protects sperm against acidic environment in urethra and vagina
What does prostate gland produce
secretion - 30% od semen
- slightly acidic, milky
contains PSA: prostate specific antigen
contributes to sperm activation, viability and motility
wHat does bulbourethral glands produce
contribute 5% of semen volume
secretions lubricate and neutralise acidity in urethra prior to ejaculation
What makes up the final 5% of semen
Spermatozoa
WhAT happens in meiosis 1
two haploid cells form from one diploid cell
what happens in meiosis 2
each cell produced from meiosis 1 divides to produce 2 haploid cells with 23 chromosomes
What is spermatogenesis
Formation of the male gamete
the process where spermatogonia are transformed to mature spermatozoa
When does spermatogenesis occur
from puberty onwards
Where does speratogenesis occur
seminiferous tubules
Spermatogenesis is the formation of…. from spermatogonia
spermatozoa
spermatogenesis requires both mitosis and …
meiosis
Four spermatozoa are produces from 1 primary ….
spermatocyte
Spermiogenesis is the maturation of … into spermatozoa
spermatids
Spermatogenesis is regulated by a negative feedback loop with hormones produces by the hypothalamus and anterior….., and the interstitial endocrine and …. cells in the testes
Pituitary and nurse
Where is inhibin produced from
nurse cells in testes
Where is testosterone produced from
leydig cells
How many sperm are produced from one primary spermatocyte
4 spermatozoa
which accessory gland contrivutes the most to seminal fluid in terms of volume
seminal vesicles
What is the specific name of the process by which spermatids become spermatozoa
spermiogenesis
