GI tract Flashcards
(48 cards)
what is the primary function of the GI system
bring nutrients into the internal environment so that they can be used
Motility - movement of things through at appropriate rate
Secretion -
Digestion - breaking things down into smaller parts
Absorption -
what is the GI tract closed off at both ends with
sphincters - they are a circular region of muscle that can contract and relax; controlling the movement from one area to another
what is the GI tract lined with
epithelium - as technically the outside world
what are the major organs in order
oral cavity (mouth), pharynx, oesophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, anus
What are the accessory organs
liver, pancreas, gall bladder, salivary glands, tongue and teeth
what kind of epithelia is found in the mouth and esophagus and why
stratified squamous - layers for protection
what kind of epithelia line the stomach and the intestines and why
simple columnar - for secretion and absorption as can fit cells in more easily
what cells line the anus and why
stratified squamous for protection
What is the peritoneum
serous membrane to protect the organs that move
What does the mesentary of the peritoneum do
Body wall to organ
What does the omenta of the peritoneum do
Link organ to organ
how is mucuc released in the oesophagus
Has glands with ducts to the surface to release them
What is the sphincter between the oesophagus and stomach
lower oesophageal sphincter
What is the order of the stomach parts from the oesophagus to the SI
Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus
Which part of the stomach does storage
Fundus and body
Which part of the stomach does Mechanical digestion
Antrum - which is the pylorus where there’s the most amount of muscle
What controls delivery of ffod from the stomach to SI
The pyloric sphincter
What are the muscularis layers of the stomach from inside to outside
oblique, circular, longitudinal
What are the folds of the stomach called and what is their purpose
Rugae - important for expansion of the stomach
What omenta connects the stomach to transverse colon
Greater omentum
what omenta connects stomach to liver
lesser omentum
What are the three regions of the SI in order
Duodenum, jejunum, ilium “don’t jump in”
Is the small intestine in the peritoneum
the duodenum is retroperitoneal but rest is intraperitoneal
What increases the surface area of the small intestine
Length
Plicae circularies - large folds, sub mucosa and mucosa
Villi - mucosa
Microvilli - just epithelial cells
