Renal tract Flashcards
what is the role of the urinary system
Balance of water and solutes in the body
what fraction of our body water is intracellular
2/3
what fraction of our body water is extracellular
1/3
how does the urinary system maintain balance
by filtering the blood and expelling:
Excess water
excess salts
Wastes of metabolism
Many toxins and drugs
What the the urinary system expell when it filters blood
Excess water
excess salts
wastes od metabolism
many toxins and drugs
what is urine
waste product excreted to maintain balance within the body
How is urine pH regulated
Its not tightly regulated and is influenced by whats excreted
Normal urine contains
water, salts, urea, Metabolites, hormone and small proteins
Abnormal urine contains
Large proteins (too big to be filtered)
RBC (too big
Glucose (filtered but completely reabosorbed)
Main components of urinary system
2 kidneys, 2 ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra
The structures of the kidneys allows
Blood to be brought into close proximity with the nephron for filtering
Blood that has been filtered to leave the kidney
A pathway for urine to be removed from the kidney, stored and then excreted
Protection
where are the kidneys located
Between the T12 -L3 vertebrae
11th and 12th ribs cover the superior part for protection
Where is the hilum located on the kidneys
On the medial concave notch
What is a hilum
an area of a mostly solid organ where things go in and out
where are the kidneys located relative to the peritoneal
Retroperitoneal - located on posterior abdominal wall, covered on anterior side by peritoneum
Three structures that provide external protection for the kidneys
Floating ribs
Adipose tissue
Fibrous capsule
What is a kidney lobe made up of
One medullary pyramid
all cortex that surrounds it including renal columns
made up largely of nephrons
what does each medullary pyramid end in
papilla
where does urine go
drains from each papilla and collects in a minor calyx which combine to become major calyx
calyces join to form renal pelvis
Pelvis narrows as it exits the hilum to become the ureter
Where does blood filtration happen
in the cortex of the kidney
where does the renal artery come from
the abdominal aorta
A Type 1 error is a:
False positive. this means there shows an association when there actually isn’t one
A type 2 error is:
False negative. this means there is no association shown when there actually is one. This is likely due to chance and can often be resolved by increasing the sample size and can quantify this before the study begins using power.
