Renal tract

Question 1

what is the role of the urinary system

Answer 1

Balance of water and solutes in the body

Question 2

what fraction of our body water is intracellular

Answer 2

2/3

Question 3

what fraction of our body water is extracellular

Answer 3

1/3

Question 4

how does the urinary system maintain balance

Answer 4

by filtering the blood and expelling:
Excess water
excess salts
Wastes of metabolism
Many toxins and drugs

Question 5

What the the urinary system expell when it filters blood

Answer 5

Excess water
excess salts
wastes od metabolism
many toxins and drugs

Question 6

what is urine

Answer 6

waste product excreted to maintain balance within the body

Question 7

How is urine pH regulated

Answer 7

Its not tightly regulated and is influenced by whats excreted

Question 8

Normal urine contains

Answer 8

water, salts, urea, Metabolites, hormone and small proteins

Question 9

Abnormal urine contains

Answer 9

Large proteins (too big to be filtered)
RBC (too big
Glucose (filtered but completely reabosorbed)

Question 10

Main components of urinary system

Answer 10

2 kidneys, 2 ureters, Urinary bladder, Urethra

Question 11

The structures of the kidneys allows

Answer 11

Blood to be brought into close proximity with the nephron for filtering
Blood that has been filtered to leave the kidney
A pathway for urine to be removed from the kidney, stored and then excreted
Protection

Question 12

where are the kidneys located

Answer 12

Between the T12 -L3 vertebrae
11th and 12th ribs cover the superior part for protection

Question 13

Where is the hilum located on the kidneys

Answer 13

On the medial concave notch

Question 14

What is a hilum

Answer 14

an area of a mostly solid organ where things go in and out

Question 15

where are the kidneys located relative to the peritoneal

Answer 15

Retroperitoneal - located on posterior abdominal wall, covered on anterior side by peritoneum

Question 16

Three structures that provide external protection for the kidneys

Answer 16

Floating ribs
Adipose tissue
Fibrous capsule

Question 17

What is a kidney lobe made up of

Answer 17

One medullary pyramid
all cortex that surrounds it including renal columns
made up largely of nephrons

Question 18

what does each medullary pyramid end in

Answer 18

papilla

Question 19

where does urine go

Answer 19

drains from each papilla and collects in a minor calyx which combine to become major calyx
calyces join to form renal pelvis
Pelvis narrows as it exits the hilum to become the ureter

Question 20

Where does blood filtration happen

Answer 20

in the cortex of the kidney

Question 21

where does the renal artery come from

Answer 21

the abdominal aorta

Question 22

A Type 1 error is a:

Answer 22

False positive. this means there shows an association when there actually isn’t one

Question 23

A type 2 error is:

Answer 23

False negative. this means there is no association shown when there actually is one. This is likely due to chance and can often be resolved by increasing the sample size and can quantify this before the study begins using power.