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Insect Physiology > Reproduction > Flashcards

Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

Ovary

A

paired female reproductive systems made up of ovarioles

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2
Q

Ovarioles

A

series of tapering egg tubes, the functional units of the ovary that contain a progression of the developing oocyte

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3
Q

Oocyte

A

the female gamete that differentiates from oogonia

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4
Q

Oogonia

A

originates from a germ cell and is a functional stem cell that develops into an oocyte (oocyte sometimes called cystocyte)

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5
Q

Germarium

A

region of the ovariole -the anterior portion of the ovariole that contains the stem cell niche and developing cystocytes

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6
Q

Germline stem cell

A

cells within the stem cell niche that undergo self-renewal and differentiation into gametes

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7
Q

Ring Canals

A

cytoplasmic bridges that connect cystocytes together

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8
Q

Vitellarium

A

a region of the ovariole and where the oocyte deposits yolk durinh vitellogenesis

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9
Q

Follicular stalk

A

separates successive follicles. Made from prefollicular tissues

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10
Q

Follicular epithelium

A

follicle cells that surrounds the oocyte and nurse cells. Produce yolk proteins, enzymes, ecdysone, vitelline envelope and chorion.

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11
Q

Myotropins

A

molecules that coordinate the contraction of the ovariole and oviduct to move the egg through the reproductive tract. Secreted by neurosecretory cells

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12
Q

Trophocyte/nurse cells

A

the cell that provides nourishment to the oocyte

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13
Q

Calyx

A

expansion of lateral oviduct where ovarioles open together

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14
Q

Spermathecae

A

where the sperm are stored until the time of fertilization (more permanent than the bursa)

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15
Q

Vitellogenin

A

the major source of nutrients for the oocyte, and produced in the fat body, secreted into the hemolymph and deposited in the developing oocyte

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16
Q

Vitellin

A

the storage form of vitellogenin and have been deposited into the cytoplasm after modification by the follicular epithelium

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17
Q

Ovulation

A

the passage of the oocyte into the oviduct

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18
Q

Panoistic ovariole

A

Ovariole in which the germarium contains only oogonia, primary oocytes and mesodermal prefollicular tissue. (no nurse cells)

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19
Q

Meroistic ovariole

A

ovariole in which oogonia produce oocytes and nurse cells (Hemiptera and holometabola)

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20
Q

Telotrophic ovariole

A

type of meroistic ovariole in which all the nurse cells remain in the germarium, nurse cells (trophocytes) continue to divide and are connected to the central region called the trophic core (Hemiptera, & Coleoptera)

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21
Q

Polytrophic ovariole

A

type of meroistic ovariole in which the nurse cells are packed together with the oocyte and enclosed within the follicle (Holometabola)

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22
Q

Neopanoistic ovariole

A

ovariole that has secondarily lost its nurse cells by the development of all cystocytes into oocytes or follicle cells

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23
Q

Ovoviviparity

A

the egg/embryo stays inside the mother, who provides nutrients until the embryo matures (Ex: Tsetse fly)

24
Q

Oviparity

A

nutrients (yolk) are packaged into the egg and the developing embryo uses them after the egg is laid (Ex: Most insects)

25
Q

Viviparity

A

female gives live birth, offspring hatch within females body

26
Q

Parthenogenesis

A

eggs develop without fertilization

27
Q

Autogeny

A

producing eggs without a meal

28
Q

Accessory glands

A

produce glue for attaching eggs to substrate, sometimes produce ootheca

29
Q

Lipophorin

A

shuttle molecules that transfer lipids from one tissue to another through the aqueous hemolymph and are deposited within the oocyte.

30
Q

Receptor mediated endocytosis

A

how vitellogenin is moved into the oocyte membrane

31
Q

Juvenile hormone

A

– regulates patency by increase the activity of the follicle cells

32
Q

Yolk polypeptides (YPPs)

A

the name for the version of drosophila vitellogenins

33
Q

Vitellin

A

storage form of vitellogenin

34
Q

Chorion

A

eggshell

35
Q

Micropyle

A

the hole where sperm can enter the egg on the anterior end

36
Q

Aeropyles

A

pores open to the outside that can trap air. Restrict the passage of water

37
Q

Operculum

A

a cap that opens to allow the larvae to exit

38
Q

Bicoid + hunchback

A

determine the anterior portion of the oocyte

39
Q

Caudal + nanos

A

determine the posterior portion of the oocyte

40
Q

Blastoderm

A

A continuous layer of cells that surrounds the egg early during embryogenesis, derived from the energids that migrate to the periphery.

41
Q

Vitellophages

A

an extra embryonic cell that digests the yolk stored within the egg that is used for embryogenesis

42
Q

Gastrulation

A

– during embryonic development, the formation of the gastrula from endoderm

43
Q

Eclosion

A

the act of emerging from the pupal case

44
Q

Energids

A

daughter nuclei from the mitotic division of zygote nucleus during meroblastic cleavage, surrounded by an island of cytoplasm

45
Q

Germ band

A

the region of thickened blastoderm cells that becomes the embryo later in development and represents the future ventral region

46
Q

Ectoderm

A

the outer germ layer of the embryo

47
Q

Endoderm

A

the inner germ layer of the embryo that gives rise to the midgut

48
Q

Mesoderm

A

the middle embryonic layer of tissue that is derived from the interaction between the ectoderm and endoderm

49
Q

Gap gene set

A

defines regions within the A-P and D-V context

50
Q

Pair rule gene

A

genes that are expressed in stripes along the embryonic blastoderm in a periodicity that corresponds to every other parasegment

51
Q

Segment polarity gene

A

developmental gene that determine anterior posterior borders of the segment

52
Q

Hox genes

A

regulate structures unique to specific segments that become the three body regions

53
Q

Amnioserosa

A
  • represents an extraembryonic epithelium, it does not contribute to any embryonic tissue and is therefore not assigned to any of the germ layers
54
Q

Serosa

A

the extra embryonic ectoderm after it is detached from the germ band

55
Q

Fate map

A

a map of precise sites on the embryonic blastoderm that corresponds with anatomical structures later in development

56
Q

Long germ band

A

– a type of embryonic development where the pattern of segmentation is established by the end of the blastoderm stage. The embryo takes up most of the egg

57
Q

Short germ band

A

a type of embryonic development where the blastoderm is short and the embryo is located in the posterior ventral region

Insect Physiology (7 decks)

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