Integument

Question 1

exoskeleton/integument

Answer 1

the outer covering of an insect

Question 2

Epidermis/basement membrane

Answer 2

the only living portion of the integument. The innermost layer of the integument that is secreted by hemocytes, forming a continuous layer of connective tissue that separates the body cavity from the integument.

Question 3

Dermal gland

Answer 3

A modified epidermal cell that produces the cement layer, as well as defensive secretions and pheromones

Question 4

Oenocytes

Answer 4

A specialized hemocyte that usually resides between the basement membrane and the epidermal cells. They synthesize wax and possible ecdysteroids

Question 5

Epicuticle

Answer 5

Top layer of the cuticle, consists of proteins, lipids, waxes, cements, minerals and others. NO chitin

Question 6

Procuticle

Answer 6

The undifferentiated chitinous cuticle that develops into the endocuticle and exocuticle. secreted at tips of microvilli as stacks of laminae, consists mostly of chitin and protein (newly forming cuticle- lays down later layers)

Question 7

Exocuticle

Answer 7

Layer between the epicuticle and mesocuticle. Contains both chitin and protein. Highly sclerotized

Question 8

What is the order of the integument from outside to inside

Answer 8

1. Epicuticle
2. Cuticulin
3. Exocuticle
4. Mesocuticle
5. Endocuticle

Question 8

What is the order of the integument from outside to inside

Answer 8

1. Epicuticle
2. Cuticulin
3. Exocuticle
4. Mesocuticle
5. Endocuticle
6. Epidermis/basement membrane

Question 9

Mesocuticle

Answer 9

less sclerotized layer between the exo- and endocuticle

Question 10

Endocuticle

Answer 10

contains both chitin and protein, but is soft and flexible. Digested between apolysis and molt.

Question 11

Procuticle

Answer 11

the combined name for Exocuticle, mesocuticle and endocuticle

Question 12

Chitin

Answer 12

A polysaccharide consisting of linked N-acetyl-glucosamine residues. Chitin is insoluble in water, dilute alkali, alcohol, and organic solvents, but soluble in concentrated acids and hot alkali solutions. The chains of chitin are associated with protein, providing a framework for the stabilization of the cuticular proteins.

Question 13

Chitin microfibrils

Answer 13

alpha, beta, and gamma chitin, each have different orientation, different proteins

Question 14

Precursor for Chitin

Answer 14

Trehalose or glycogen to GLUCOSE

Question 15

How is chitin made?

Answer 15

Chitin synthase loaded vesicles move from the trans-golgi to the apical region of the epithelial cells and fuse with the plasma membrane.

Question 16

Apodeme

Answer 16

projection of the cuticle into body (internal skeleton) = endoskeleton; muscle attachment

Question 17

Envelope

Question 18

Bursicon

Answer 18

A hormone that mediates cuticular sclerotization

Question 19

Chitosan

Answer 19

Chitin treated with concentrated alkali at high temperatures is deacetylated to yield chitosan which produces a characteristic violet color with iodine as an indication that chitin was once present

Question 20

Ecdysis

Answer 20

the process of shedding the old cuticle at the end of molting

Question 21

Cuticle enzymes

Answer 21

1. Chitin deacetylases

2. Diphenoloxidase/tyrosinase

Question 22

Resilin

Answer 22

A rubber-like protein enriched in tendon/ligaments

Question 23

hemiadherens junctions

Answer 23

A form of cellular attachment to extracellular matrices or “tendon” cell

Question 24

Pore Canals/Pit glands

Answer 24

Small channels that extend from epidermal cells through the cuticle up to the epicuticle and carry substances such as waxes.

Question 25

Apolysis

Answer 25

the separation of the epidermis from the overlying cuticle. Marks the beginning of the molt

Question 26

molting gel

Answer 26

An enzyme produced by epidermal cells that digests the old endocuticle during the molting process. It is first secreted in an inactive form, and activated once the new cuticle begins to be formed.

Question 27

Cuticulin

Answer 27

a layer of the epicuticular envelope. Also called the outer epicuticle, the epicuticle is deposited on its inner surface.

Question 28

cement layer

Answer 28

The outermost layer of the epicuticle, produced by dermal glands and consisting of a shellac-like coating. The cement layer that seals the wax layer and provides protection from physical abrasion

Question 29

envelope

Answer 29

assembly at plasma membrane surface, made of chitin and protein

Question 30

What chews up the old cuticle?

Answer 30

Chitinase

Question 31

Inka cells secrete what?

Answer 31

Ecdysis triggering hormone ETH

Question 32

VM cells secrete what?

Answer 32

Eclosion hormone

Question 33

Inka cells are located where?

Answer 33

located in the tracheal trunks and associated with spiracles

Question 34

Eclosion hormone

Answer 34

A peptide that initiates the shedding of the old cuticle at then end at the molt or emergence of the pupa. Made in the VM neurosecretory cells of the brain

Question 35

Blastema

Answer 35

A population of dedifferentiated proliferating cells that forms at the distal top of the leg stump.