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Reproduction > Repro Exam III Review (boobs, penises) > Flashcards

Repro Exam III Review (boobs, penises) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the ONLY finding in Fibrocystic Change of the Breast that is a risk factor for the development of carcinoma?

A

JUST Atypical Epithelial Hyperplasia! (NOT Blue-Domed Cyst, NOT Fibrosis)

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2
Q

What is the most common benign tumor in the breast?

A

Fibro-Adenomas

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3
Q

Fibroadenomas measure ___ cm in diameter and are well-_________ spherical nodules, usually well-circumscribed from the breast parenchyma and are freely ________ from the surrounding breast substance.

A

2-5 cm…ENCAPSULATED….moveable

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4
Q

What are freely moveable, encapsulated benign tumors of the breast?

A

Fibroadenomas

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5
Q

What are the two components to a fibroadenoma?

A

1.Fibrous Stroma 2.Glandular Epithelium

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6
Q

What is the black paint on the edge of a biopsy signify?

A

the SURGICAL MARGIN

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7
Q

Where is the most popular location for a FibroAdenoma?

A

UPPER, OUTER Quadrant

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8
Q

What age range is most susceptible to FibroAdenoma? What is their prognosis?

A

Young Women…99% benign, excellent prognosis

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9
Q

What is thought to be the etiology of fibrocytic change in the breast? What can this tell us about prognosis?

A

Sex hormones! So before puberty and after menopause fibrocytic changes should not occur.

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10
Q

What are the signs and symptoms of a woman with Fibrocystic disease/change in the breast? What % of women aged 20-50 actually have symptoms? Are you more likely to see it unilaterally or bilaterally?

A

palpable LUMPS in the breast, signs are found in approx. 50% of all women examined at biopsy/autopsy….10-15% of women have symptoms….BILATERAL disease

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11
Q

What is the most characteristic clinical feature of the IntraDuctal Papilloma? What are the 2 not as popular ones?

A

MOST: 1. A serous (yellow) or bloody discharge from the nipple……..Less popular: 2. A small areolar mass and 3. rarely nipple retraction

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12
Q

Which condition has Blue-Domed Cysts?

A

Fibrocystic Disease of the Breast

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13
Q

Which condition has encapsulation?

A

Fibroadenoma

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14
Q

Which 5 conditions have fibrous tissue?

A
  1. Fibrocystic disease of the breast and 2. Fibroadenoma 3.Chronic Mastitis 4.Fat necrosis of the breast 5.GyneCoMastia
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15
Q

What is a very strong reaction where the tumor cells infiltrating the tissue are surrounded by dense connective tissue that is produced by the host in response to the tumor?

A

A “Desmoplastic” reaction

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16
Q

What does a desmoplastic reaction do to the appearance of a tumor?

A

the tumor appears firm and gritty

17
Q

What type of cancer is most closely associated with a desmoplastic reaction? What type of cancer explicitly is NOT associated with a desmoplastic reaction?

A

Associated: Invasive Ductal Cancer….Not Associated: Invasive Lobular Carcinoma

18
Q

What is the most common etiology behind fat necrosis of the breast?

A

TRAUMA (secondary: prior surgery, radiation)

19
Q

What 3 breast conditions can MIMIC a carcinoma because of fibrous scarring??

A
  1. Chronic Mastitis 2.Fat Necrosis 3.Fibrocystic Disease
20
Q

What major anatomical breast structure is lacking in the male breast?

A

Lobules

21
Q

What is gynecomastia caused by?

A

hormonal changes in puberty

22
Q

What are the two ways gynecomastia can develop in adulthood?

A

1.Cirrhosis of the liver (thus unable to break down estrogen) 2. tumor (secreting estrogen)

23
Q

In gynecomastia, what is presented directly under the areolar area?

A

a fibrous cap

24
Q

How much less frequent is male breast cancer then in female? Which one spreads faster?

A

Male is 100x less, but it spreads much faster c/o less tissue

25
Q

What are the 8 risk factors for malignant breast cancer?

A

1.Sex 2.Age 3.Race 4.Genetics 5.Hormones 6.Other Cancers 7.Fibrocystic Chang/Multiple Intraductal Papillomatosis

26
Q

Breast Cancer Risk Factors- Sex: Females are affected ____ times more often than males.

A

100x

27
Q

Breast Cancer Risk Factors-Age: Very rare before puberty and quite unusual in young women. The incidence slowly rises after the age of ___ years and peaks in postmenopausal women who are about ___ years of age.

A

35….60 yrs

28
Q

Breast Cancer Risk Factors- Race: Uncommon in _______, and _______, and is most common in _________, espec. Jews.

A

Japanese, and Chinese……….Caucasians

29
Q

Breast Cancer Risk Factors-Genetics: A history of familial cancer increases the risk for relatives be _____ fold and possibly higher in some families.

A

5-10 fold

30
Q

Breast Cancer Risk Factors-Hormonal Factors: Women who are exposed to _________ for prolonged periods tend to develop breast cancer more frequently than those who are not. SO most at risk: early _____ or late ______.

A

estrogens … early period or late menopause

31
Q

Breast Cancer Risk Factors-Hormonal Factors: Who is at greater risk: nulliparous women or women who have had multiple children?

A

Nulliparous…being pregnant stops the cyclic estrogen secretion

32
Q

Breast Cancer Risk Factors-Hormonal Factors: The fact that many breast cancers have _______ receptors, and that growth of these cells can be inhibited or slowed down by synthetic ______.

A

estrogen receptors…anti-estrogen drugs

33
Q

Breast Cancer Risk Factors-Presence of other Cancers: The incidence of breast cancers is increased in women who have cancer in ______, as well as those who have _______ or ________ cancer.

A

the other breast….. ovarian….endometrial (high estrogen!!!)

34
Q

Breast Cancer Risk Factors- What are the ONLY two PREMALIGNANT neoplasias that are risk factors? How long does it take for these risk factors to spread?

A

1.Fibrocystic Changes 2.Multiple Intraductal Papillomas….several years

35
Q

Breast Cancer Risk Factors- What are the 2 ‘other’ causes of breast cancer?

A

1.obesity (high fat diet) 2. moderate EtOH consumption

36
Q

The main difference between an intraductal and invasive lesion is breaching of the ________.

A

Basement Membrane

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