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Reproduction > Exam II Review (F. tubes, ovary, uterus, prego stuff) > Flashcards

Exam II Review (F. tubes, ovary, uterus, prego stuff) Flashcards

1
Q

What is the term used for endometrial tissue that forms tumor-like nodules outside the uterus?

A

Endometriosis

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2
Q

Where are the three MOST COMMON locations for endometriosis?

A

Ovary, Fallopian Tube, and the Pelvic Peritoneum (also pelvis, umbilicus, appendix, colon)

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3
Q

What two groups of women are most likely to develop endometriosis?

A

1.”women of reproductive life” haha no shit. 30’s and 40’s….2.Women in higher socio-economic grps who marry late in life

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4
Q

The _________ theory: the endometrial tissue is ________ during normal menstruation and, instead of entering the vagina, it is transferred upstream where it enters the _________ through the fallopian tubes.

A

regurgitation…..regurgitating….abdominal cavity

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5
Q

Endometreosis: The glands implant on the ______ of the ovary or the peritoneum, forming typical ________ nodules or plaques.

A

serosa….red-brown

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6
Q

What are the two names for benign tumors originating from the smooth muscle cells of the myometrium.

A

Leio-my-omas (leio-smooth myo-muscle)…..FIBROIDS

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7
Q

What are the 3 types of fibroids? (leiomyomas)

A

1.Intramural (in the myometrium) 2.Subserosal (beneath the covering serosa of the uterus) 3.Submucosa (protrude into the endometrial cavity)

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8
Q

What are most common in the 3rd and 4th decades and more common in blacks?

A

Leiomyomas (fibroids)

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9
Q

When do leiomyomas/fibriods occur?

A

during reproductive life, 30’s and 40’s

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10
Q

What is the MOST COMMON UTERINE TUMOR? What % of women of reproductive age have them?

A

Leiomyoma/fibroid….20%

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11
Q

What % of Leiomyomas are benign?

A

98% benign… 2% malignant <—nice math dawg!

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12
Q

Grossly, they are sharply circumscribed, unencapsulated white-tan whorled masses on cut section.

A

leiomyoma/fibroid

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13
Q

What are the 4 risk factors for endometrial carcinoma?

A

1.Exogenous Estrogen 2.Estrogen secreting tumors 3.obese (and therefore synthesize estrogen from fat) 4.Nulliparous/Early menarche/late menopause (more estrogen exposure)

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14
Q

What is the most common MALIGNANT tumor of the female UroGenital Tract? What % of all GYN malignancies?

A

Endometrial Adenocarcinoma…50% of all GYN malignancies

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15
Q

What are the three types of endometrial hyperplasias and what are the % of it turning into an adenocarcinoma?

A

1.Simple hyperplasia (minimal glandular complexity)- 1% 2.Complex hyperplasia(multilayering of the glands)- 3% 3.Atypical hyperplasia(complexity to the glands with crowding and there is cytologic atypia)- 25%

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16
Q

What TYPE of cancer is Endometrial Adenocarcinoma?

A

Glandular Cancer

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17
Q

Where does Endometrial Adenocarcinoma originate?

A

Arises from the epithelial cells lining the endometrial glands

18
Q

What are the 3 treatments for endometrial adenocarcinoma?

A

1.historectomy (w or w/o ovaries…TAH-BSO) (lymph resection possible too) 2.Radiation in advanced cases 3. Chemo(inoperable cases)

19
Q

What is the most common clinical sign for a woman with endometrial adenocarcinoma?

A

Vaginal bleeding between two menstruations or prolonged menstral bleeding…ESPECIALLY post menopausal women

20
Q

What is the age range for endometrial adenocarcinoma?

A

older women, rare before 35

21
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy: Clinically, there is onset of severe _______ pain with rupture and the possibility of _______.

A

abdominal…..hypovolemic shock

22
Q

Would you get a positive pregnancy test during an ectopic pregnancy?

A

YES!

23
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy: Aspiration of fresh blood from ___________ (posterior fornix) denotes rupture.

A

the pouch of Douglas

24
Q

An ________ biopsy is helpful in diagnosis.

A

endometrial

25
Q

The absence of _________ is consistent with an ectopic pregnancy. Why?

A

chorionic villi (placental tissue)….the villi are in the tube.

26
Q

Ectopic Pregnancy: All the biopsy will show is a _______ reaction of the endometrium.

A

decidual

27
Q

In an Ectopic Pregancy a ultra sound will show _______ of the fallopian tube.

A

dilation

28
Q

Rupture due to an ectopic pregnancy is a medical emergency since 1 in ____ of these patients dies before hemorrhage can be controlled. About how long is the pregnancy before a hemmorage can occur?

A

1 in 400…2-6 wks.

29
Q

Implantation of the fetus in any other site than the normal uterine location, most common places are the _____, ________, and _________ (___%).

A

ovary, abdominal cavity, and the fallopian tubes (95%)!!

30
Q

An ectopic pregnancy occurs within 1 and every _____ pregnancies!

A

1 in 150!! pretty common!

31
Q

What are the 4 main causes of an Ectopic Pregnancy?

A

1.Chronic Salpingitis (caused by P.I.D.-Ghonorrhea & Chlamydia)……….Adhesions caused by 2.endometreosis 3.surgeries 4.leiomyomas

32
Q

What are the 2 main consequences of a Pelvic Inflammatory Disease? What are the two causative agents again?!?

A

1.Ectopic Pregnancy 2. Infertility… 1. Neisseria gonorrhoeae & 2. Chlamydia trachomatis

33
Q

What are the 3 GYN ADENOCARCINOMAS?

A
  1. Fallopian Tube 2. Endometrial (endocervix) 3.Ovarian:Surface Epithelium
34
Q

What the 3 GYN SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMAS?

A

1.Vulva 2. Vagina 3.Cervix (exocervix)

35
Q

What are the 4 types of tumors derived from OVARIAN SURFACE EPITHELIUM? Which two are cystic? Which two are more solid?

A

1.Serous 2.Mucinous (both more cystic) 3.Brenner 4. Endometroid (both more solid)

36
Q

What are the 4 most common Germ cell tumors?

A
  1. Benign Cystic Tetroma 2.Dysgerminoma 3.Endometiral Sinus Tumor 4.Choriocarcinoma
37
Q

What are the 3 types of sex cord tumors?

A

1.Thecoma 2. Granulosa cell 3.Sertoli-leydig

38
Q

What is the antibody to SURFACE EPITHELIAL ovarian cancer detected in the serum in 1/2 of the epithelial tumors? How much has the malignancy spread at this point?

A

CA-125….90%

39
Q

What tumor secretes estrogens?

A

Thecomas (Sex Cord Tumors of the Ovary)

40
Q

Which tumor secretes androgens?

A

Sertoli-leydig Stromal Tumors (sex cord tumors of the ovary)

41
Q

Which ovarian tumor secretes CA-125?

A

about 1/2 of surface epithelial tumors of the ovary. (about 90% of the malignancy has spread at this point)

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