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Reproduction > Repro Ex III Part 2 > Flashcards

Repro Ex III Part 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What does FNA stand for? What does the specimen consist of? What is the accuracy rate? What is a downfall?

A

Fine Needle Aspiration…small specimen that consists of cells smeared on a slide….95% accuracy rate…SAMPLE TOO SMALL

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2
Q

Which type of biopsy is usually needed for FINAL diagnosis? What is the downside?

A

An Incisional Biopsy…its invasive! general anesthetic

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3
Q

What is a Mammogram looking for? What size? Other indicators?

A

Tumors that are not large enough for palpation…0.5cm….Calcification indicators

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4
Q

A _________ is the most CONSERVATIVE surgical procedure, as it is limited to resection of the tumor with surrounding fat tissue.

A

lumpectomy

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5
Q

A ________ refers to removal of the entire breast, which is associated with axillary lymph node resection.

A

Mastectomy–aka– modified radical mastectomy

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6
Q

What is the usual route of breast cancer metastasis?

A

Breast (and breast lymph nodes)—>axillary lymph nodes—>BONE, lungs, liver, adrenals

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7
Q

What is the other name for Sertoli Cells? What is their function?

A

Sus-ten-ticular Cells….Support and Nutrition of the spermatozoa (they are located in between these germ cells)

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8
Q

What are the 3 accessory male glands producing seminal fluid? What % does each gland contribute?

A

1.Seminal Vesicles: 60% 2.Prostate: 30% 3.Cowpers/bulbourethral: 10%

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9
Q

What is the lining epithelium for the Vas Deferens?

A

Ciliated PseudoStratified Epithelium

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10
Q

What is the lining epithelium for the epididymis?

A

Ciliated PseudoStratified Epithelium

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11
Q

What is cryptorchidism? What is the most common non-malignant complications? What is the most common malignant complication?

A

Cryptorchidism-congenital undescended testis….Non-mal: Infertility…..Malignant: Germ cell tumor - Seminoma (and less common embryonal)

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12
Q

When do the testes normally descend down into the scrotum?

A

the testes are down home by 33 weeks

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13
Q

What is the most commonly seen tumor in cryptorchidism?

A

Germ Cell tumor–Seminoma

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14
Q

What are the __7__ clinical features of Kleinfelters syndrome? What is the karyotype?

A

XXY……1.Eunichoid body 2.Long Legs 3.Small testes 4.small penis 5.no secondary male sex characteristics 6.gynecomastia 7. lower IQ

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15
Q

A ________ is a spontaneous accumulation of clear SEROUS fluid between the layers of the tunica vaginalis and the testis or epididymis.

A

Hydrocele

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16
Q

A _______ refers to a small, cystic accumulation of SEMEN in the dilated efferent ductules or ducts of the rete testis.

A

Spermatocele

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17
Q

WHERE do Spermatoceles occur?

A

the Efferent Ductules OR the rete testis

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18
Q

WHERE does a Hydrocele occur?

A

between the tunica vaginalis and the testes/epidiymis

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19
Q

What is this describing? Histologically, the cyst is lined by cuboidal epithelium that contains spermatozoa in various stages of development.

A

A Spermatocele

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20
Q

What is the most common etiology of torsion of the testies causing the testicle to become dead and black?

A

Vigorous physical exercise

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21
Q

What type of cancer is cancer of the penis?

A

Squamous Cell Carcinoma

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22
Q

What are the 4 risk factors for carcinoma of the penis? 2 questions on it!

A

1.Smegma (desquamated cells & keratin debris) 2.HPV types 16 and 18 3.uncircumsized 4. old age

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23
Q

What is the most common male condition related to a herpes infection?

A

Herpes Genitalis (HSV-2)–vesicle formation on penis

24
Q

______ is a malady of unknown etiology characterized by focal, asymmetric, fibrous induration of the shaft of the penis resulting in penile curvature and pain during erection.

A

Pey-Ron-ie Disease

25
Q

_______ presents as an ill-defined fibrous nodule in a young or middle-aged male without any change in the overlying skin in the penis.

A

Pey-Ron-ie Disease

26
Q

In ________, there is dense dermal fibrosis with a non- specific chronic inflammatory infiltrate and the collagen slowly replaces the muscle in the penis.

A

Pey-Ron-ie Disease

27
Q

What is the main characteristic of primary syphilis? When does it occur?

A

A chan-cre in 2-10 weeks

28
Q

What is the main characteristic of secondary syphilis? What 4 places do I find it? How long does it take to occur?

A

A maculo-papular rash…palms, soles, skin, mucous membranes…1-3 months after primary syphilis

29
Q

What are the moist lesions on the genitals in secondary syphilis?

A

Condylomata Lata

30
Q

What are 3 specific sites of inflammation in secondary syphilis? What are 3 general symptoms?

A

Meningitis, Nephritis, and Hepatitis…swollen lymph, arthritis, and fever

31
Q

What is the general difference in N. Gonorrhoeae’s affect on males vs females?

A

males: symptoms….females: asymptomatic

32
Q

What are the two main signs of N. Gonorrhoeae in a male?

A

painful urination and pus discharge

33
Q

Women can show the same two main signs of N. Gonorrhoeae as men, but they can also have what?

A

pus from the cervix (along with painful urination and pus discharge)

34
Q

Who is more likely to have pain during intercourse after a gonorrhoeae infection, male or female?

A

females

35
Q

The sexually transmitted PROTOZOAN ______ is found in the female _____ and male ______.

A

Tri-chom-onas Vaginalis….vagina….urethra

36
Q

Tri-chom-onas Vaginalis is a _____-shaped organism with a central nucleus and ____ anterior flagella. It exists only as a trophozoite with no _____ form.

A

pear….4..cyst

37
Q

Who is most likely to contract Trichomonas Vaginalis: a sexually active woman or a postmenopausal woman?

A

Highest: sexually active…lowest: postmenopausal

38
Q

Tri-chom-onas Vaginalis causes a _____, foul-smelling _______ discharge accompanied by itching and burning. Infection in men is usually asymptomatic, but about 10% have a ______.

A

Watery….greenish…urethritis

39
Q

How do you diagnose a Trichomonas Vaginalis infection?

A

a WET MOUNT PREP….look at the secretion for the swimming guys

40
Q

What is the name for HSV-1?

A

Herpes Labialis

41
Q

Which herpes has the hallmark sign of VESICLES?

A

HSV-1 Herpes Labialis

42
Q

Can HSV-1 and HSV-2 show up on the other’s turf?

A

YES, Herpes Labialis can show up on the genitals and Herpes Genitalis can show up on the mouth/face

43
Q

Which herpes virus can cause an aseptic meningitis, and a congenital infection (TORCH) acquired during passage in an infected birth canal?

A

HSV-2 Herpes Genitalis

44
Q

What is the TZANCK smear used for?

A

Shows the way Herpes affects the mouth, vagina, and penis. Scrape from the area put on a slide…. Characteristic MOLDING of the NUCLEI.

45
Q

What is the ovarian homologue to the male Seminoma?

A

Dysgerminoma

46
Q

What accounts for half of all germ cell tumors?

A

Seminoma

47
Q

What is the tumor is not found before puberty and most patients are between the ages of 25 and 55?

A

Seminoma

48
Q

90 % of all seminomas are of the ______ type, with anaplastic and spermatocytic seminomas presenting as much rare variants.

A

classic

49
Q

Presents as a firm intratesticular poorly demarcated mass that bulges from the cut surface of the testis…

A

Seminoma

50
Q

Seminoma: How much of the teste is going to be replaced by tumor in over half of the cases?

A

THE ENTIRE teste

51
Q

A Seminoma will appear with the ________ color with rare focal areas of hemorrhage and necrosis.

A

yellow-white

52
Q

Histologically Seminomas display solid ____ of proliferating tumor cells between scattered fibrovascular trabeculae and ________.

A

‘nests’…lymphocytes

53
Q

In Seminomas, the cells have _______ borders with ______ rich clear cytoplasm and normal appearing nuclei with coarse granular chromatin.

A

well-defined…glycogen

54
Q

Which testicular tumors are EXQUISITELY SENSATIVE to RADIATION??

A

Seminomas!!!!

55
Q

What is the 5 year survival rate after radiation treatment in a seminoma?

A

85-95%!!!

56
Q

What are the tumor markers for Seminoma?

A

TRICKED YA! there are none :)

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