Repro

Question 1

What are the stages of labor

Answer 1

Stage 1 - onset of uterine contractions to cervical dilation - nesting
Stage 2 - expulsion of fetus
Stage 3 - expulsion of fetal membranes

Question 2

Define dystocia

Answer 2

Difficulty birth

Question 3

What are criteria to diagnose dystocia

Answer 3

1. Failure to enter stage 2 greater than 8-12 hours
2. Strong contractions greater than 20-30 minutes
3. Greater than 4-6 hours between puppies
4. Prolonged gestation

Question 4

What are specific causes of dystocia

Answer 4

Maternal
- uterine inertia
- hypocalcemia
- fatigue
- obstruction
- uterine torsion/prolapse
- small pelvic size
- neoplasia

Fetal
- malpresentation*
- malposition
- fetal size
- fetal monster

Question 5

What breeds are predisposed

Answer 5

Bull dog, Boston, Chihua, Irish wolfhound, dane

Question 6

How can you assess fetal viability

Answer 6

HR > 180 WNL; 150-180 moderate distress; < 150 severe distress

Question 7

What is used to medical management

Answer 7

oxytocin, calcium, glucose

Question 8

What are complications of oxytocin

Answer 8

uterine rupture, fetal death, decreased uterine blood flow, placental separation

Question 9

What % of dystocia cases require sx

Answer 9

60-80%

Question 10

What are the most important components of an anesthetic protocol

Answer 10

TIME, maintain uterine blood flow, reversals