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BW VTS ECC STUDY DECK > Pharmacology > Flashcards

Pharmacology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the mechanism of action of furosemide

A

Loop diuretic; blocks Na, K, 2 Cl cotransporter

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2
Q

What is the MOA of thiazide diuretics

A

Example - acetozolamide
Inhibit NaCl cotransporter in distal tubule

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3
Q

What is the MOA of aldosterone antagonists/drug example

A

Spironolactone
Antagonist aldosterone on the late distal tubule

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4
Q

What is the MOA of Class I antiarrhythmics and an example

A

Lidocaine
Na channel blocker

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5
Q

What is the MOA of Class II antiarrhythmics and an example

A

Propanolol/esmolol
Beta blocker

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6
Q

What is the MOA of Class III antiarrhythmics and an example

A

Sotalol/amiodarone
K channel blocker

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7
Q

What is the MOA of Class IV antiarrhythmics and an example

A

Diltazem
Ca channel blocker

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8
Q

What is the MOA of digoxin

A

Na/K ATPase inhibitor - accumulation of intracellular calcium

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9
Q

What is the MOA of pimobendan

A

Inodilator - calcium sensitization and phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitor

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10
Q

What drugs are h2 blockers

A

Famotidine, ranitidine, cimetidine, nizatidine

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11
Q

What is the MOA of h2 blockers

A

Competitive inhibition of H2 receptors on the parietal cell - decrease HCl production

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12
Q

What H2 blocker is most potent

A

Famotidine

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13
Q

What is the MOA of PPI

A

Proton pump inhibitor; block HCl production

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14
Q

What is the MOA of sucralfate

A

Bind and protect epithelial disruption and ulceration

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15
Q

What is the MOA of ondansetron

A

5HT3 antagonist

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16
Q

What is the MOA of maropitant

A

NK1 inhibitor - block substance P

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17
Q

What is the MOA of metoclopramide

A

D2 (dopaminergic) antagonist

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18
Q

What is the MOA of cisapride

A

5HT4 AGONIST

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19
Q

What is the MOA of erythromycin

A

Bind and stimulate motilin

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20
Q

What is the MOA of apomorphine

A

dopamine agonist

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21
Q

What drugs can be used to induce emesis in cats

A

Xylazine, dexmed, hydromorphone

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22
Q

What is the MOA of NSAIDs

A

Cox block

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23
Q

What is the MOA of corticosteroids

A

Alterations in gene transcription; block AA pathway (decrease inflammation),

24
Q

What medications should be avoided during a dystocia

A

Alpha 2 agonists, ketamine, barbiturates, methoxyflurane

25
Q

What antibiotics are safest for the neonate

A

beta lactams

26
Q

What drugs decrease ICP

A

Propofol, barbituates

27
Q

What are 4 classes of opioids

A

agonists, partial agonists, agonist-antagonist, antagonist

28
Q

What are the 3 types of opioid receptors

A

Mu, kappa, delta

29
Q

What is the MOA of opioids

A

Bind opioid receptors in the CNS

30
Q

What opioids can cause histamine release

A

Morphine, meperidine

31
Q

What are the actions of anticholinergics

A

Decreased parasympathetic effects, heart (increased HR), airways (bronchdilation and decreased secretion)

32
Q

What is the difference in atropine/glyco

A

Glyco is 4x stronger, longer duration, doesn’t cross BBB/placenta

33
Q

What is the MOA of benzodiazepines

A

Bind and potentiate GABA

34
Q

What is the MOA of NSAIDs

A

Block COX

35
Q

What is the MOA of tramadol

A

atypical opioid, also serotonin effects

36
Q

What is the MOA of propofol

A

GABA agonist, NMDA modulation

37
Q
A
38
Q

What is the MOA of ketamine

A

NMDA antagonist

39
Q

What is the MOA of etomidate

A

GABA agonist

40
Q

What are consequences if etomidate is used alone

A

Myoclonus

41
Q

What is the MOA of alfaxolone

A

GABA agonist

42
Q

What is MAC

A

Minimum alveolar concentration - inversely related to potency

43
Q

What is the MOA of inhalant anesthetics

A

Alteration in lipid membrane; attenuate excitatory channels

44
Q

What is the MOA of local anesthetics

A

Block and prevent Na conduction - decreased transduction

45
Q

What are locations of locoregional anesthesia

A

Epidural, intrathoraic, intraperitoneal, intrapleural, brachial plexus

46
Q

What is the MOA of beta lactams

A

Inhibit bacterial cell wall synthesis

47
Q

What is the MOA of macrolides and an examples

A

Inhibit protein synthesis via binding 50s ribosome subunit; erythromycin, azithromycin

48
Q

What is the MOA and example of a glycopeptide

A

Inhibit cell wall synthesis; vancomycin

49
Q

What is the MOA and example of aminoglycosides

A

inhibit protein synthesis @ the level of 30s ribosome; amikacin

50
Q

What are side effects of aminoglycosides

A

Nephrotoxicity, ototoxicity, neuromuscular blockage

51
Q

What is the MOA and example of fluorquinolone

A

Inhibit DNA gyrase; enrofloxacin

52
Q

What is the MOA and example of tetracycline

A

Inhibit 30s ribosome; doxycycline

53
Q

What is the MOA of TMS

A

Inhibit enzymes in folic acid synthesis

54
Q

What are side effects of TMS

A

KCS, hepatitis, hemolytic anemia, bone marrow suppression

55
Q

What is the MOA of chloramphenicol

A

Inhibit 50s ribosome

56
Q

What is the MOA of metronidazole

A

Nitroimidazole - disrupt bacterial DNA synthesis

57
Q
A

BW VTS ECC STUDY DECK (11 decks)

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