Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BW VTS ECC STUDY DECK > Cardiovascular > Flashcards

Cardiovascular Flashcards

1
Q

Cardiac action potential

A

-rapid change in membrane potential, or voltage, across the cardiac cell membrane
-triggers cardiac muscle contraction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Resting membrane potential

A

-when cardiac call of the ventricle is not electrically excited
-phase 4 (-90mV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Main ion found outside the cell at rest

A

Sodium and Chloride

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Main ion found inside the cell at rest

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Threshold potential

A

The critical level a membrane potential must reach to initiate an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Depolarization

A

-phase 0
-voltage becomes more positive
-sodium influx
-potassium eflux
-rapid inactivation of sodium channels cause membrane potential to return to a negative state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Repolarization

A

-phase 1

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Define preload

A

Volume present in the ventricle prior to systole (volume filling the heart)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Define afterload

A

Load (pressure) that the heart must pump against in order to eject blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define contractility

A

Intrinsic force of the heart - degree of which the sarcomeres can shorten

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are sympathetic nervous system effects on the heart

A

Increased contractility, increased HR

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are parasympathetic nervous system effects on the heart

A

Decreased chronotropy (HR) and contractility

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Draw a ventricular action potential

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Describe the flow of blood through the heart

A

cranial/caudal vena cava > right atrium > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonic valve > pulmonary artery > pulmonary vein > left atrium > mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where can arterial catheters be placed

A

Dorsal pedal
Femoral
Auricular
Coccygeal
Lingual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the components of an arterial wave form

A
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are possible pulse abnormalities

A

Hypodynamic (decreased pulse pressure)
Hyperdynamic (increased pulse pressure due to decreased diastolic pressure)
Bounding (increased pulse pressure due to increased systolic pressure)
Pulses paradoxus - decrease in BP > 10 mmHg during inspiration

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What are the types of cardiac hypertrophy?

A

Concentric - increased pressure overload (HCM)
Eccentric - increased volume overload (DCM)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are the types of feline cardiomyopathy?

A

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Restrictive cardiomyopathy
Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy

20
Q

What breeds are associated with familial HCM

A

Maine Coon, Ragdoll

21
Q

What are prognostic factors associated with feline ATE

A

Number of limbs affecetd
Temperature < 98.8

22
Q

What is treatment for CHF in cats

A

Diuretic
ACE inhibitor
Antithrombotic
+/- Beta blocker

23
Q

What is the most common site of clot FORMATION in cats with heart disease

A

Left auricle

24
Q

What are secondary causes of DCM in dogs

A

Doxorubricin
Nutritional (taurine, carnitine)
Myocarditis
Grain free diet
Neoplastic

25
Q

What is the MOST common canine heart disease

A

Mitral valve disease

26
Q

What are the stages of mitral valve disease

A

A - at risk breeds
B1 - murmur with no cardiac changes
B2 - Murmur with left atrial enlargement
C - historic or current heart failure
D - refractory heart failure

27
Q

What test can we run to evaluate myocardial contusions/myocarditis

A

Troponin

28
Q

What are indications for a pacemaker?

A

High degree AV block
Sick sinus syndrome
Severe drug toxicity

29
Q

What toxicities may result in requiring a pacemaker

A

Beta blocker
Calcium channel blocker
Digoxin

30
Q

What is the role of POCUS

A

Thoracic, abdominal effusion

31
Q

What are differentials for bradycardia?

A

Increased vagal tone
Electrolyte abnormalities
Drugs
Trauma
Infection

32
Q

What does vtach look like?

A

Wide and bizarre QRS
No P waves

33
Q

What are criteria to treat vtach

A

Hemodynamic instability
R on T
Multiform
Rate >180

34
Q

What drug should be used to treat vtach

A

Lidocaine

35
Q

What rhythms are defibrillation used for

A

Pulseless vtach
Vfib

36
Q

Define defibrillation

A

Shock delivered to a critical mass of the myocardium resulting in depolarization and refractory period

37
Q

What is the difference between monophasic and biphasic

A

Mono - undirectional flow
Biphasic - current moves in both directions

38
Q

What are complications of pericardiocentesis

A

Arrhythmia, hemorrhage, myocardial puncture

39
Q

What are physical exam findings consistent with pericardial effusion

A

Right sided CHF (ascites)
Jugular pulse
Muffled heart sound
Pulses paradoxus
Low cardiac output

40
Q

What is pulses paradoxus

A

Great than 10 mmHg decrease in systolic blood pressure during inspiration

41
Q

What are the common causes of pericardial effusion

A

Neoplasia
Idiopathic
Infectious

42
Q

What is cardiac tamponade

A

Collapse of the right atrium during systole

43
Q

What viral disease can cause myocarditis

A

Parvo

44
Q

Define systole

A

Heart muscle contraction, pumps blood into arteries

45
Q

Define diastole

A

Heart muscle relaxation, chambers refill with blood

BW VTS ECC STUDY DECK (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions