REPRO Flashcards
Formation of sperm (spermatogenesis)
Spermatogonia
1ary spermatocyte
2ary spermatocyte
Spermatid
Spermatozoa
Seminferous tubules
Inside testes
Formation of sperm
Leydig cells
Produce testosterone
Sertoli cells
Form blood testis barrier
Regulate spermatogenesis
Secrete inhibin
Testis
Site of spermatogenesis, filled with seminiferous tubule
Surrounded in tunica albuginea
Scrotum
Holds testis and epididymis
Dartos muscle gives wrinkly appearance
Cremaster muscle elevates and depresses testes
Penis
Corpus cavernous surrounds corpus spongiosum
Bulb, crus, body, glans penis
Skin, superficial dartos fascia, deep Buck’s fascia
Prostate gland
Secretes milky fluid
Multiple separate tubes that drain independently
Vas deferens
Muscular tube that transports sperm
Cut during vasectomy
Travels through spermatic cord and inguinal canal
Empties into prostatic urethra
Ampulla temp holds sperm
Varicoceles
Venous insufficiency
Pampiniform plexus
Supplies blood to testis
Countercurrent heat exchange to keep testis cool
Inguinal canal
Specialization of external abdominal oblique, superficial ring to deep ring
Spermatic cord
Supplies testis
Testicular artery, pampiniform plexus of veins, nerves, lymph vessels, vas deferent, cremaster m. pass thru here
Connects testis to body
Inguinal hernia
Direct - does not go thru inguinal canal but weak spot
Indirect - goes thru inguinal canal
Pathologies of prostate
Benign hyperplasia
Cancer
Male urethra
Prostatic, membranous, spongy
Erection
Parasympathetic
Arteries dilate and veins compressed
Ejaculation
Sympathetic
Muscle contractions cause release of seminal fluid
Female reproductive development
Default sex is female
Presence of Y chromosome with SRY gene causes regression of Mullerian system and development of Wolffian
Female anatomy
Open system - open to outside world
Flexible - uterus allows growth of fetus
Vulnerable
Broad ligament
Anchors female reproductive system
Mesosalpinx = Fallopian tube
Mesovarium = Ovaries
Mesometrium = Endometrium
Female reproduction vasculature
Uterine artery, which is anterior branch of internal iliac
Fallopian tube
Transports fertilized ovum
Layers = mucos, muscular, serosa
Isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbria
Uterus
Anteflexed over bladder
Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
Supports developing fetus
Cervix
Entrance to uterus from vagina
Dilates during child birth
Site of cancer
Clitoris
Erectile body
Outer = bulb of vestibule
Inner = corpus cavernosium
Vulva
External part of female genitalia
Vagina
Muscular canal, distensible
Mucosal, muscular, adventitia
Horizontal canal
Perineum
Diamond shape
Superior = urogenital triangle
Inferior = anal triangle
Three stages of labor
Dilation
Expulsion
Placental
Breast anatomy
Made up of lobules that produce milk
Suspensory ligaments = support breast
Tissue extends to shoulder and axilla
Lymph supply = brachial, axillary and pectoral nodes
Sperm
- Head = DNA and acrosome
- Midpiece = mitochondria
- Tail = flagella
Tunica vaginalis
Extension of peritoneum into scrotum
Layers of testis/scrotum
Dartos, external spermadic fascia, cremaster, internal spermadic fascia, tunica vaginalis
Epididymis
Tube wrapped around testis
Sperm stored and mature here
Bulbourethral gland
Small, secrete alkaline mucus
Seminal vessicle
Secretes viscous fluid with fructose, vitamin C and prostaglandins
Ejaculatory ducts
Seminal vesicle and vas deferens meet
Hypospadias
Incomplete closure of urethra in males
Path of sperm
Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - urethra
Semen
Sperm + glandular fluids
Oogenesis
Oogonia
Primary oocyte
Secondary oocyte
Ovum
Oogonia
Arrested in meiosis 1 until puberty
Primary oocyte
Start meiosis 2 after ovulation
2ary oocyte
Finishes meiosis and becomes ovum after fertilization
Ovaries
Produce oocytes
Anchored to uterus thru proper/ovarian ligament
Endometrium
Strata functionalis and strata basalis
Functionalis shed monthly and replaced by basalis
Ovarian cycle
- Follicular = variable, estrogen dominated
- Luteal = less variable, progesterone dominated
Uterine cycle
- Menstruation - shed
- Proliferative - grow
- Secretory - secrete
Ovulation
14 days before menstrual period
Contraception
Suppress LH, thicken cervical mucus, thin endometrium
Pelvic floor
Pelvic floor
Levator ani and coccygeus muscles
Cystocele and rectocele