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Anatomy 403 > REPRO > Flashcards

REPRO Flashcards

1
Q

Formation of sperm (spermatogenesis)

A

Spermatogonia
1ary spermatocyte
2ary spermatocyte
Spermatid
Spermatozoa

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2
Q

Seminferous tubules

A

Inside testes
Formation of sperm

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3
Q

Leydig cells

A

Produce testosterone

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4
Q

Sertoli cells

A

Form blood testis barrier
Regulate spermatogenesis
Secrete inhibin

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5
Q

Testis

A

Site of spermatogenesis, filled with seminiferous tubule
Surrounded in tunica albuginea

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6
Q

Scrotum

A

Holds testis and epididymis
Dartos muscle gives wrinkly appearance
Cremaster muscle elevates and depresses testes

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7
Q

Penis

A

Corpus cavernous surrounds corpus spongiosum
Bulb, crus, body, glans penis
Skin, superficial dartos fascia, deep Buck’s fascia

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8
Q

Prostate gland

A

Secretes milky fluid
Multiple separate tubes that drain independently

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9
Q

Vas deferens

A

Muscular tube that transports sperm
Cut during vasectomy
Travels through spermatic cord and inguinal canal
Empties into prostatic urethra
Ampulla temp holds sperm

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10
Q

Varicoceles

A

Venous insufficiency

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11
Q

Pampiniform plexus

A

Supplies blood to testis
Countercurrent heat exchange to keep testis cool

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12
Q

Inguinal canal

A

Specialization of external abdominal oblique, superficial ring to deep ring

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13
Q

Spermatic cord

A

Supplies testis
Testicular artery, pampiniform plexus of veins, nerves, lymph vessels, vas deferent, cremaster m. pass thru here
Connects testis to body

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14
Q

Inguinal hernia

A

Direct - does not go thru inguinal canal but weak spot
Indirect - goes thru inguinal canal

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15
Q

Pathologies of prostate

A

Benign hyperplasia
Cancer

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16
Q

Male urethra

A

Prostatic, membranous, spongy

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17
Q

Erection

A

Parasympathetic
Arteries dilate and veins compressed

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18
Q

Ejaculation

A

Sympathetic
Muscle contractions cause release of seminal fluid

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19
Q

Female reproductive development

A

Default sex is female
Presence of Y chromosome with SRY gene causes regression of Mullerian system and development of Wolffian

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20
Q

Female anatomy

A

Open system - open to outside world
Flexible - uterus allows growth of fetus
Vulnerable

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21
Q

Broad ligament

A

Anchors female reproductive system
Mesosalpinx = Fallopian tube
Mesovarium = Ovaries
Mesometrium = Endometrium

22
Q

Female reproduction vasculature

A

Uterine artery, which is anterior branch of internal iliac

23
Q

Fallopian tube

A

Transports fertilized ovum
Layers = mucos, muscular, serosa
Isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbria

24
Q

Uterus

A

Anteflexed over bladder
Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
Supports developing fetus

25
Q

Cervix

A

Entrance to uterus from vagina
Dilates during child birth
Site of cancer

26
Q

Clitoris

A

Erectile body
Outer = bulb of vestibule
Inner = corpus cavernosium

27
Q

Vulva

A

External part of female genitalia

28
Q

Vagina

A

Muscular canal, distensible
Mucosal, muscular, adventitia
Horizontal canal

29
Q

Perineum

A

Diamond shape
Superior = urogenital triangle
Inferior = anal triangle

30
Q

Three stages of labor

A

Dilation
Expulsion
Placental

31
Q

Breast anatomy

A

Made up of lobules that produce milk
Suspensory ligaments = support breast
Tissue extends to shoulder and axilla
Lymph supply = brachial, axillary and pectoral nodes

32
Q

Sperm

A
  1. Head = DNA and acrosome
  2. Midpiece = mitochondria
  3. Tail = flagella
33
Q

Tunica vaginalis

A

Extension of peritoneum into scrotum

34
Q

Layers of testis/scrotum

A

Dartos, external spermadic fascia, cremaster, internal spermadic fascia, tunica vaginalis

35
Q

Epididymis

A

Tube wrapped around testis
Sperm stored and mature here

36
Q

Bulbourethral gland

A

Small, secrete alkaline mucus

37
Q

Seminal vessicle

A

Secretes viscous fluid with fructose, vitamin C and prostaglandins

38
Q

Ejaculatory ducts

A

Seminal vesicle and vas deferens meet

39
Q

Hypospadias

A

Incomplete closure of urethra in males

40
Q

Path of sperm

A

Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - urethra

41
Q

Semen

A

Sperm + glandular fluids

42
Q

Oogenesis

A

Oogonia
Primary oocyte
Secondary oocyte
Ovum

43
Q

Oogonia

A

Arrested in meiosis 1 until puberty

44
Q

Primary oocyte

A

Start meiosis 2 after ovulation

45
Q

2ary oocyte

A

Finishes meiosis and becomes ovum after fertilization

46
Q

Ovaries

A

Produce oocytes
Anchored to uterus thru proper/ovarian ligament

47
Q

Endometrium

A

Strata functionalis and strata basalis
Functionalis shed monthly and replaced by basalis

48
Q

Ovarian cycle

A
  1. Follicular = variable, estrogen dominated
  2. Luteal = less variable, progesterone dominated
49
Q

Uterine cycle

A
  1. Menstruation - shed
  2. Proliferative - grow
  3. Secretory - secrete
50
Q

Ovulation

A

14 days before menstrual period

51
Q

Contraception

A

Suppress LH, thicken cervical mucus, thin endometrium

52
Q

Pelvic floor

A

Pelvic floor
Levator ani and coccygeus muscles
Cystocele and rectocele

Anatomy 403 (13 decks)

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