REPRO

Question 1

Formation of sperm (spermatogenesis)

Answer 1

Spermatogonia
1ary spermatocyte
2ary spermatocyte
Spermatid
Spermatozoa

Question 2

Seminferous tubules

Answer 2

Inside testes
Formation of sperm

Question 3

Leydig cells

Answer 3

Produce testosterone

Question 4

Sertoli cells

Answer 4

Form blood testis barrier
Regulate spermatogenesis
Secrete inhibin

Question 5

Testis

Answer 5

Site of spermatogenesis, filled with seminiferous tubule
Surrounded in tunica albuginea

Question 6

Scrotum

Answer 6

Holds testis and epididymis
Dartos muscle gives wrinkly appearance
Cremaster muscle elevates and depresses testes

Question 7

Penis

Answer 7

Corpus cavernous surrounds corpus spongiosum
Bulb, crus, body, glans penis
Skin, superficial dartos fascia, deep Buck’s fascia

Question 8

Prostate gland

Answer 8

Secretes milky fluid
Multiple separate tubes that drain independently

Question 9

Vas deferens

Answer 9

Muscular tube that transports sperm
Cut during vasectomy
Travels through spermatic cord and inguinal canal
Empties into prostatic urethra
Ampulla temp holds sperm

Question 10

Varicoceles

Answer 10

Venous insufficiency

Question 11

Pampiniform plexus

Answer 11

Supplies blood to testis
Countercurrent heat exchange to keep testis cool

Question 12

Inguinal canal

Answer 12

Specialization of external abdominal oblique, superficial ring to deep ring

Question 13

Spermatic cord

Answer 13

Supplies testis
Testicular artery, pampiniform plexus of veins, nerves, lymph vessels, vas deferent, cremaster m. pass thru here
Connects testis to body

Question 14

Inguinal hernia

Answer 14

Direct - does not go thru inguinal canal but weak spot
Indirect - goes thru inguinal canal

Question 15

Pathologies of prostate

Answer 15

Benign hyperplasia
Cancer

Question 16

Male urethra

Answer 16

Prostatic, membranous, spongy

Question 17

Erection

Answer 17

Parasympathetic
Arteries dilate and veins compressed

Question 18

Ejaculation

Answer 18

Sympathetic
Muscle contractions cause release of seminal fluid

Question 19

Female reproductive development

Answer 19

Default sex is female
Presence of Y chromosome with SRY gene causes regression of Mullerian system and development of Wolffian

Question 20

Female anatomy

Answer 20

Open system - open to outside world
Flexible - uterus allows growth of fetus
Vulnerable

Question 21

Broad ligament

Answer 21

Anchors female reproductive system
Mesosalpinx = Fallopian tube
Mesovarium = Ovaries
Mesometrium = Endometrium

Question 22

Female reproduction vasculature

Answer 22

Uterine artery, which is anterior branch of internal iliac

Question 23

Fallopian tube

Answer 23

Transports fertilized ovum
Layers = mucos, muscular, serosa
Isthmus, ampulla, infundibulum, fimbria

Question 24

Uterus

Answer 24

Anteflexed over bladder
Perimetrium, myometrium, endometrium
Supports developing fetus

Question 25

Cervix

Answer 25

Entrance to uterus from vagina Dilates during child birth Site of cancer

Question 26

Clitoris

Answer 26

Erectile body Outer = bulb of vestibule Inner = corpus cavernosium

Question 27

Vulva

Answer 27

External part of female genitalia

Question 28

Vagina

Answer 28

Muscular canal, distensible Mucosal, muscular, adventitia Horizontal canal

Question 29

Perineum

Answer 29

Diamond shape Superior = urogenital triangle Inferior = anal triangle

Question 30

Three stages of labor

Answer 30

Dilation Expulsion Placental

Question 31

Breast anatomy

Answer 31

Made up of lobules that produce milk Suspensory ligaments = support breast Tissue extends to shoulder and axilla Lymph supply = brachial, axillary and pectoral nodes

Question 32

Sperm

Answer 32

1. Head = DNA and acrosome 2. Midpiece = mitochondria 3. Tail = flagella

Question 33

Tunica vaginalis

Answer 33

Extension of peritoneum into scrotum

Question 34

Layers of testis/scrotum

Answer 34

Dartos, external spermadic fascia, cremaster, internal spermadic fascia, tunica vaginalis

Question 35

Epididymis

Answer 35

Tube wrapped around testis Sperm stored and mature here

Question 36

Bulbourethral gland

Answer 36

Small, secrete alkaline mucus

Question 37

Seminal vessicle

Answer 37

Secretes viscous fluid with fructose, vitamin C and prostaglandins

Question 38

Ejaculatory ducts

Answer 38

Seminal vesicle and vas deferens meet

Question 39

Hypospadias

Answer 39

Incomplete closure of urethra in males

Question 40

Path of sperm

Answer 40

Seminiferous tubules - epididymis - vas deferens - ejaculatory ducts - urethra

Question 41

Semen

Answer 41

Sperm + glandular fluids

Question 42

Oogenesis

Answer 42

Oogonia Primary oocyte Secondary oocyte Ovum

Question 43

Oogonia

Answer 43

Arrested in meiosis 1 until puberty

Question 44

Primary oocyte

Answer 44

Start meiosis 2 after ovulation

Question 45

2ary oocyte

Answer 45

Finishes meiosis and becomes ovum after fertilization

Question 46

Ovaries

Answer 46

Produce oocytes Anchored to uterus thru proper/ovarian ligament

Question 47

Endometrium

Answer 47

Strata functionalis and strata basalis Functionalis shed monthly and replaced by basalis

Question 48

Ovarian cycle

Answer 48

1. Follicular = variable, estrogen dominated 2. Luteal = less variable, progesterone dominated

Question 49

Uterine cycle

Answer 49

1. Menstruation - shed 2. Proliferative - grow 3. Secretory - secrete

Question 50

Ovulation

Answer 50

14 days before menstrual period

Question 51

Contraception

Answer 51

Suppress LH, thicken cervical mucus, thin endometrium

Question 52

Pelvic floor

Answer 52

Pelvic floor Levator ani and coccygeus muscles Cystocele and rectocele