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Anatomy 403 > MSK 2 > Flashcards

MSK 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Joints

A

Point of contact, articulation

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2
Q

Between bones

A

Always connective tissue

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3
Q

Structural vs. functional joint

A

How joint is structured vs. how it moves

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4
Q

2 structural classifications of joints

A
  1. Joined by solid mass of CT (fibrous, cartilaginous)
  2. Joined by lubricated capsule (synovial)
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5
Q

Types of joints

A
  1. Fibrous
  2. Cartilaginous
  3. Synovial
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6
Q

Ligaments

A

Connect bone to bone
Composed of dense CT

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7
Q

Intrinsic ligament

A

Binds bone

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8
Q

Extrinsic ligament

A

Support, ROM

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9
Q

Fibrous joints

A

Solid mass of dense irregular connective tissue
1. Suture
2. Syndesmosis
3. Gomphosis

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10
Q

Suture

A

Seam
ex. Skull
Slightly movable in kids, not in adults

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11
Q

Gomphosis

A

Bolt or nail
ex. tooth, periodontal ligament

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12
Q

Syndemosis

A

Band
ex. forearm

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13
Q

Cartilaginous joint

A

Solid mass of cartilage
1. Symphysis
2. Synchondrosis

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14
Q

Synchondrosis

A

Hyaline CT
ex. ephyseal growth plate

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15
Q

Symphysis

A

Hyaline CT
Bones connect by fibrocartilage
ex. midline bones, like pubis

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16
Q

Synovial joint

A
  1. Synovial capsule
  2. Synovial membrane
  3. Synovial cavity
  4. Synovial fluid
  5. Articular cartilage
  6. Articular disc
  7. Meniscus
  8. Labrum
  9. Bursa
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17
Q

Synovial capsule

A

Sleeve around two bones
Supported by collagen and tendon

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18
Q

Synovial membrane

A

Creates synovial fluid

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19
Q

Synovial cavity

A

Holds synovial fluid

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20
Q

Synovial fluid

A

Lubricates, reduces frictions, absorbs shocks

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21
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Hyaline CT, reduces friction

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22
Q

Articular disc

A

Complete disc of fibrocartilage

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23
Q

Meniscus

A

Incomplete fibrocartilage, improves fit, redistributes weight

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24
Q

Labrum

A

Fibrocartilage, deepens ball and socket

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25
Q

Bursa

A

Sac of fluid, reduces friction

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26
Q

Anatomical position

A

Standing straight with palms forwar

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27
Q

Adduction

A

Move towards body
Coronal plane

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28
Q

Abduction

A

Move away from body
Coronal plane

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29
Q

Flexion

A

Bend, decrease angle
Sagittal planee

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30
Q

Extension

A

Extend, increase angle
Sagittal plane

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31
Q

Circumduction

A

Flexion, abduction, extension, adduction

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32
Q

Rotation

A

Internal/external
Medial/lateral

33
Q

Types of synovial

A
  1. Pivot
  2. Hinge
  3. Saddle
  4. Plane
  5. Condyloid
  6. Ball & socket
34
Q

Pivot joint

35
Q

Saddle joint

36
Q

Hinge joint

A

Elbow, knee

37
Q

Ball and socket joint

A

Hip, shoulder

38
Q

Condyloid joint

39
Q

Plane joint

40
Q

Osteoarthritis

A

Degenerative; break down of articular cartilage

41
Q

Crystal arthritis OR gout

A

Uric acid deposits due to diet

42
Q

Rheumatod arthritis

A

Autoimmune, attacks synovium

43
Q

Muscles

A

Excitable
Contractible
Extensible
Flexible
Produce body movement, heat

44
Q

Types of muscle

A
  1. Skeletal
  2. Smooth
  3. Cardiac
45
Q

Skeletal muscle

A

Striated, mostly voluntary

46
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Nonstriated, involuntary

47
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Striated, involuntary

48
Q

Myofibers = muscle fibers = muscle cells

A

Formed from fusion of myoblasts
Existing muscle fibers hypertrophy

49
Q

Sarcolemma

A

Plasma membrane of muscle cell

50
Q

T tubules

A

Invaginations in membrane, allow action potentials to propogate

51
Q

Sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

Fluid filled, stores calcium

52
Q

Sarcoplasm

A

Cytoplasm of muscle cells, contains organelles

53
Q

Myofibrils

A

Allow contraction, extend entire length of cell

54
Q

Contractile component of myofibrils

A

ATP to mechanical
Myosin + actin filaments

55
Q

Myosin

A

Thick filament

56
Q

Actin

A

Thin filament, has myosin binding site

57
Q

Regulatory component of myofibrils

A

Tropomyosin + troponin

58
Q

Tropomyosin

A

Block `myosin binding site, prevents myosin from binding actin in relaxed muscle

59
Q

Troponin

A

Holds tropomyosin in place, binds calcium

60
Q

Structural component of myofibril

61
Q

Sarcomere

A

Functional unit

62
Q

Sliding filament model

A

Filaments don’t shorten, they slide
Sarcomeres shorten

63
Q

Muscle

A

Continuous connective tissue

64
Q

Endomysium

A

Surrounds individual muscle cells

65
Q

Perimysium

A

Surrounds fascicles, which are groups of muscle cells

66
Q

Epimysium

A

Thick connective tissue, binds all fascicles together

67
Q

Tendon

A

Connects muscle to bone

68
Q

Tendons

A

Highly ordered collagen fibers
Poorly vascularized
Different shapes and sizes

69
Q

Fascia

A

Bandage, wraps around of muscles

70
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Contraction without a change in length

71
Q

Isotonic contraction

A

Contraction with change in length

72
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Muscle shortens

73
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

Muscle lengthens
More likely to injure

74
Q

Origin

A

Attachment to stationary bone (usually proximal or superior)

75
Q

Insertion

A

Attachment to movable bone (usually distal or inferior)

76
Q

Primer mover

A

Most force and movement

77
Q

Synergist

A

Muscle that helps the prime mover

78
Q

Antagonist

A

Muscle that opposes prime mover
Can relax or maintain some tension

79
Q

Fixator

A

Prevents bone from moving, steadies

Anatomy 403 (13 decks)

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