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Anatomy 403 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive system

A

Made up of alimentary canal/GI tract and accessory organs

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2
Q

Alimentary canal/GI tract

A

Oral cavity to anal cavity
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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3
Q

Accessory organs

A

Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder
Teeth
Salivary glands
PLG with small intestine
TS with mouth

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4
Q

Alimentary canal layers

A

Serosa (outer)
Muscular
Submucosal
Muscosa (inner)

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5
Q

Ingestion

A

Mouth takes in food
Begin of physical and chemical digestion

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6
Q

Secretion

A

Saliva secreted by mouth
Enzymes and acids like HCl secreted by stomach
Neutralizers secreted by small intestine

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7
Q

Mixing of food

A

Bolus to chyme

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8
Q

Propulsion of food along the alimentary canal

A

Smooth muscle contractions i.e. peristalsis

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9
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Peristalsis physically break down

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10
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Enzymes, acids break down

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11
Q

Absorption of food

A

Mostly takes place in small inteestine

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12
Q

Peritoneum

A

Visceral layer touches organs
Parietal layer outside
Organs do not push through but against

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13
Q

Mesentery

A

2 layers of parietal tissue created as organ pushes

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14
Q

Beginning of digestive system

A

Anterior = cavities
Posterior = pharyngeal

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15
Q

Mouth and oral cavity

A

Borders = lip, soft palette, cheek, tongue, floor of mouth
Contain tongue and teeth
Form food into bolus
Secretes saliva

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16
Q

Salivary glands

A
  1. Parotid - posterolateral cheek
  2. Submandibular
  3. Sublingual - floor of mouth
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17
Q

Tongue

A

Muscle

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18
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

“Baby” teeth, provide guide for adult teeth
20

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19
Q

Permanent teeth

A

“Adult teeth”
32 total divided into 4 quadrants
1 starts with RUQ
2 incisiors (medial and lateral)
1 canine
2 premolars
3 molars

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20
Q

Wisdom teeth

A

1, 16, 17, 32

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21
Q

Esophagus

A

CNX
Begins with upper esophageal sphincter and ends with lower esophageal sphincter
Bolus travels from mouth to stomach

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22
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing of food into bolus

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23
Q

Swallowing

A

Involuntary - airways close to allow food down esophagus
Voluntary - food pushed back

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24
Q

Stomach

A

Top = fundus
Middle = body
Bottom = pyloric
Connected to colon
3 muscle layers

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25
Liver
2 lobes, right > left Separated by falciform ligaments (remnant of umbilicus vein) Left associated with caudate and quadrate lobes Above stomach Connected to stomach and duodenum Connected to diaphragm
26
Liver function
Secrete digestive enzymes such as bile All blood in digestive tract passes through here
27
Stomach function
Convert food to chyme Mixing waves, secretion of HCL Absorbs water, electrolytes, aspirin, alcohol
28
Gall bladder
Ventral to liver Stores bile CCK causes release of bile
29
Path of bile
Hepatic duct and cystic duct = common hepatic duct CHD + pancreatic duct = hepatopancreatic duct Hepatopancreatic duct - Oddi - duodenum
30
Small intestine
3 parts = duodenum, jejunum, ilium Villi, microvilli, circular folds increase SA for more absorption
31
Small intestine function
90% of absorption
32
Large intestine
Ileocecal to anus 4 parts = cecum, colon, rectum, anus
33
Large intestine function
Absorption of water and some vitamins like B12 Prepare feces
34
"The" Mesentery
Small intensite (ileum and jejunum) to posterior body wall
35
Parietal ligaments
Stomach ligaments = omentum
36
Greater omentum
Greater curve to colon = gastrocolic
37
Lesser omentum
Lesser curve to liver = hepatogastric Liver to duodenum = hepatoduodenal
38
Retroperitoneal organs
SAD PUCKER
39
Secondary retroperitoneal organs
DPC
40
Outside of oral cavity
In front of teeth, oral vestibule
41
Arches
Palatine arch then palatoglossal arch
42
Myohyoid muscle
Floor of mouth Separates submandibular and sublingual Innervated by V3 (w/ anterior belly of digastric)
43
Stylohyoid muscle
Innervated by VII (w/ posterior belly of digastric)
44
Extrinsic muscles
Hyoglossus Styloglossus Genohyoid = stabilizerINNERVATED BY XII Palatoglossus INNERVATED BY XII
45
Sublingual
Afferent = lingual (V3) chorda tympani (7) Efferent = XII
46
Taste buds
Filiform (most abundant, no taste) Fungiform Vallate Foliate
47
Tongue sensory
CNX, CNV3 = general CNIX, CN7 = special
48
Tongue motor
CNXII, CNX
49
Teeth layers
Live pulp, dentin, enamel Innervated by CNV
50
Salivary glands
Produce saliva
51
Intrinsic salivary glands
Inside oral cavity, associated with mucosa
52
Extrinsic salivary glands
Parotid (CNIX) Submandibular Sublingual
53
Danger space
Prevertebral space Spread of pathogens
54
Babies
Soft palate and epiglottis touch
55
Pharyngeal constrictors
Stacked cups, raise throat
56
Stylopharyngeus
CNIX
57
Reflux
Herniated or weak lower esophageal sphincter
58
Pyloric sphincter
Separates stomach and duodenum
59
Duodenum
4 parts 2nd part = descending, ducts for accessories
60
Jejenum
Larger lumen
61
Ileum
Longest, less folds, Peyer's patches
62
Pancrease
Endocrine and exocrine Delivers pancreatic juice to dudoenum
63
Cecum
Associated with appendix
64
Colon
4 segments Splenic flexure on left, hepatic flexure on right
65
Rectum
Stores feces, stretch leads to defecation
66
Muscular externis
Bands of muscle for long peristalsis
67
Haustra
Churns chyme
68
Epipolic appendage
Unknown
69
3 shunts
Esophageal, umbilicus, inferior rectal
70
Tongue innervation (posterior 1/3)
Motor = vagus, X Special = vagus, X General (& special) = glossopharyngeal, IX
71
Tongue innervation (anterior 2/3)
Motor = hypoglossal Special = facial (chord tympani), VII General = lingual, V3
72
Stylopharyngeus
IX
73
Palatoglossus
X
74
Hyoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus
XII
75
Maxilla
II
76
Mandible and teeth
V3
77
Parotid gland
IX
78
Foregut
Stomach to duodenum Supplied by celiac trunk
79
Midgut
Remainder of SI to proximal LI (transverse colon) Supplied by SMA
80
Hindgut
Distal LI Supplied by IMA

Anatomy 403 (13 decks)

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