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Anatomy 403 > GI > Flashcards

GI Flashcards

1
Q

Digestive system

A

Made up of alimentary canal/GI tract and accessory organs

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2
Q

Alimentary canal/GI tract

A

Oral cavity to anal cavity
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine

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3
Q

Accessory organs

A

Pancreas
Liver
Gallbladder
Teeth
Salivary glands
PLG with small intestine
TS with mouth

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4
Q

Alimentary canal layers

A

Serosa (outer)
Muscular
Submucosal
Muscosa (inner)

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5
Q

Ingestion

A

Mouth takes in food
Begin of physical and chemical digestion

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6
Q

Secretion

A

Saliva secreted by mouth
Enzymes and acids like HCl secreted by stomach
Neutralizers secreted by small intestine

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7
Q

Mixing of food

A

Bolus to chyme

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8
Q

Propulsion of food along the alimentary canal

A

Smooth muscle contractions i.e. peristalsis

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9
Q

Mechanical digestion

A

Peristalsis physically break down

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10
Q

Chemical digestion

A

Enzymes, acids break down

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11
Q

Absorption of food

A

Mostly takes place in small inteestine

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12
Q

Peritoneum

A

Visceral layer touches organs
Parietal layer outside
Organs do not push through but against

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13
Q

Mesentery

A

2 layers of parietal tissue created as organ pushes

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14
Q

Beginning of digestive system

A

Anterior = cavities
Posterior = pharyngeal

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15
Q

Mouth and oral cavity

A

Borders = lip, soft palette, cheek, tongue, floor of mouth
Contain tongue and teeth
Form food into bolus
Secretes saliva

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16
Q

Salivary glands

A
  1. Parotid - posterolateral cheek
  2. Submandibular
  3. Sublingual - floor of mouth
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17
Q

Tongue

A

Muscle

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18
Q

Deciduous teeth

A

“Baby” teeth, provide guide for adult teeth
20

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19
Q

Permanent teeth

A

“Adult teeth”
32 total divided into 4 quadrants
1 starts with RUQ
2 incisiors (medial and lateral)
1 canine
2 premolars
3 molars

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20
Q

Wisdom teeth

A

1, 16, 17, 32

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21
Q

Esophagus

A

CNX
Begins with upper esophageal sphincter and ends with lower esophageal sphincter
Bolus travels from mouth to stomach

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22
Q

Mastication

A

Chewing of food into bolus

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23
Q

Swallowing

A

Involuntary - airways close to allow food down esophagus
Voluntary - food pushed back

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24
Q

Stomach

A

Top = fundus
Middle = body
Bottom = pyloric
Connected to colon
3 muscle layers

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25
Q

Liver

A

2 lobes, right > left
Separated by falciform ligaments (remnant of umbilicus vein)
Left associated with caudate and quadrate lobes
Above stomach
Connected to stomach and duodenum
Connected to diaphragm

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26
Q

Liver function

A

Secrete digestive enzymes such as bile
All blood in digestive tract passes through here

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27
Q

Stomach function

A

Convert food to chyme
Mixing waves, secretion of HCL
Absorbs water, electrolytes, aspirin, alcohol

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28
Q

Gall bladder

A

Ventral to liver
Stores bile
CCK causes release of bile

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29
Q

Path of bile

A

Hepatic duct and cystic duct = common hepatic duct
CHD + pancreatic duct = hepatopancreatic duct
Hepatopancreatic duct - Oddi - duodenum

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30
Q

Small intestine

A

3 parts = duodenum, jejunum, ilium
Villi, microvilli, circular folds increase SA for more absorption

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31
Q

Small intestine function

A

90% of absorption

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32
Q

Large intestine

A

Ileocecal to anus
4 parts = cecum, colon, rectum, anus

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33
Q

Large intestine function

A

Absorption of water and some vitamins like B12
Prepare feces

34
Q

“The” Mesentery

A

Small intensite (ileum and jejunum) to posterior body wall

35
Q

Parietal ligaments

A

Stomach ligaments = omentum

36
Q

Greater omentum

A

Greater curve to colon = gastrocolic

37
Q

Lesser omentum

A

Lesser curve to liver = hepatogastric
Liver to duodenum = hepatoduodenal

38
Q

Retroperitoneal organs

A

SAD PUCKER

39
Q

Secondary retroperitoneal organs

40
Q

Outside of oral cavity

A

In front of teeth, oral vestibule

41
Q

Arches

A

Palatine arch then palatoglossal arch

42
Q

Myohyoid muscle

A

Floor of mouth
Separates submandibular and sublingual
Innervated by V3 (w/ anterior belly of digastric)

43
Q

Stylohyoid muscle

A

Innervated by VII (w/ posterior belly of digastric)

44
Q

Extrinsic muscles

A

Hyoglossus
Styloglossus
Genohyoid = stabilizerINNERVATED BY XII

Palatoglossus
INNERVATED BY XII

45
Q

Sublingual

A

Afferent = lingual (V3) chorda tympani (7)
Efferent = XII

46
Q

Taste buds

A

Filiform (most abundant, no taste)
Fungiform
Vallate
Foliate

47
Q

Tongue sensory

A

CNX, CNV3 = general
CNIX, CN7 = special

48
Q

Tongue motor

A

CNXII, CNX

49
Q

Teeth layers

A

Live pulp, dentin, enamel
Innervated by CNV

50
Q

Salivary glands

A

Produce saliva

51
Q

Intrinsic salivary glands

A

Inside oral cavity, associated with mucosa

52
Q

Extrinsic salivary glands

A

Parotid (CNIX)
Submandibular
Sublingual

53
Q

Danger space

A

Prevertebral space
Spread of pathogens

54
Q

Babies

A

Soft palate and epiglottis touch

55
Q

Pharyngeal constrictors

A

Stacked cups, raise throat

56
Q

Stylopharyngeus

57
Q

Reflux

A

Herniated or weak lower esophageal sphincter

58
Q

Pyloric sphincter

A

Separates stomach and duodenum

59
Q

Duodenum

A

4 parts
2nd part = descending, ducts for accessories

60
Q

Jejenum

A

Larger lumen

61
Q

Ileum

A

Longest, less folds, Peyer’s patches

62
Q

Pancrease

A

Endocrine and exocrine
Delivers pancreatic juice to dudoenum

63
Q

Cecum

A

Associated with appendix

64
Q

Colon

A

4 segments
Splenic flexure on left, hepatic flexure on right

65
Q

Rectum

A

Stores feces, stretch leads to defecation

66
Q

Muscular externis

A

Bands of muscle for long peristalsis

67
Q

Haustra

A

Churns chyme

68
Q

Epipolic appendage

69
Q

3 shunts

A

Esophageal, umbilicus, inferior rectal

70
Q

Tongue innervation (posterior 1/3)

A

Motor = vagus, X
Special = vagus, X
General (& special) = glossopharyngeal, IX

71
Q

Tongue innervation (anterior 2/3)

A

Motor = hypoglossal
Special = facial (chord tympani), VII
General = lingual, V3

72
Q

Stylopharyngeus

73
Q

Palatoglossus

74
Q

Hyoglossus, styloglossus, genioglossus

75
Q

Maxilla

76
Q

Mandible and teeth

77
Q

Parotid gland

78
Q

Foregut

A

Stomach to duodenum
Supplied by celiac trunk

79
Q

Midgut

A

Remainder of SI to proximal LI (transverse colon)
Supplied by SMA

80
Q

Hindgut

A

Distal LI
Supplied by IMA

Anatomy 403 (13 decks)

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