NEURO 4

Question 1

Somatic NS

Answer 1

Voluntary

Question 2

Upper motor neurons

Answer 2

Motor cortex

Question 3

Lower motor neurons

Answer 3

Spinal cord

Question 4

Motor homonculus

Answer 4

Areas with more motor units, finer touch

Question 5

Premotor cortex

Answer 5

Thinking about moving

Question 6

Primary motor cortex

Answer 6

Initiation of movement

Question 7

Direct motor pathway

Answer 7

Motor cortex - subcortical white matter - internal capsule - crus cerebri - pons - pyramids - corticospinal tracts - spinal cord ventral horn - peripheral nerves - skeletal muscle

Question 8

Internal capsule

Answer 8

Neurons coalesce
Corticonuclear tracts travel thru menu to head and neck (V, VII, XI, XII)

Question 9

Corticospinal tracts

Answer 9

Lateral - opposite side of body, limbs
Ventral - trunk, some cross

Question 10

Crus cerebri

Answer 10

Continuation of internal capsule

Question 11

Vestibulospinal motor pathway

Answer 11

Balance and posture
Medial - neck
Lateral - lumbarsacral
Originates in vestibular nuclei

Question 12

Reticulospinal motor pathway

Answer 12

Set muscle tone
All levels of spinal cord
Originates in pons and medulla

Question 13

Tectospinal motor pathway

Answer 13

Head and neck reflexes
Originates in superior colliculus

Question 14

Basal nuclei

Answer 14

Caudate (pons)
Putamen (pons)
Globus pallidus (pallidum)
Substantia nigra (brainstem)
Subthalamic nucleus (diencephalon)
Direct and indirect pathways

Question 15

Cerebellum

Answer 15

Posture, balance, learning, monitoring motor
Roof of 4th ventricle
Covered in vermis, divided into hemispheres
Input from climbing and mossy fibers
Output from deep cerebellar nuclei

Question 16

Penducles

Answer 16

Part of cerebellum, fiber tracts

Question 17

Superior penducle

Answer 17

Main outflow, to thalamus and cortex

Question 18

Middle penducle

Answer 18

Input from pons

Question 19

Inferior penducle

Answer 19

Input from medulla and spinal cord

Question 20

Layers of cerebellum

Answer 20

Folia (folds) - molecular layer - Purkinje layer - granule cell layer

Question 21

Autonomic NS

Answer 21

Involuntary
Sympathetic and parasympathetic
Innervates smooth muscles
Use boutons en passant
Correspond to GVA & GVE in grey matter

Question 22

Hypothalamus

Answer 22

Control center

Question 23

Sympathetic

Answer 23

Fight or flight
Intermediolateral column, T1-L2
Paravertebral adjacent to vertebrae
Short preganglionic, uses ACh
Long postganglionic, uses nE

Question 24

Paravertebral exit

Answer 24

Same level, ascend (neck & head), descend (pelvis)

Question 25

Parasympathetic

Answer 25

Rest & digest
Intermediolateral column, S2-S4

Question 26

Splanchnic nerve

Answer 26

Exits at prevertebral ganglia
Usually for great vessels