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Anatomy 403 > NEURO 5 > Flashcards

NEURO 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Olfactory receptors in epithelium

A

Bipolar neurons, CN 1

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2
Q

Olfactory cells

A

Olfactory receptors
Supporting cells
Basal cells

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3
Q

End of olfactory nerves

A

Olfactory bulb

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4
Q

Olfactory projections

A

1ary olfactory cortex in temporal lobe
Project to limbic system and hypothalamus
BYPASS thalamus

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5
Q

Gustatory receptors taste

A

Sour, sweet, bitter, salty, umami

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6
Q

Taste bud location

A

Tongue, epithelium, epiglottis, soft palate, pharynx

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7
Q

Taste bud cells

A

Sensory cells (not neurons)
Supporting cells
Basal cells

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8
Q

Papillae

A

Taste buds form here

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9
Q

Circumvallate papillae

A

Posterior V near back of throat

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10
Q

Fungiform papillae

A

Scattered all over tongue in groups of 5

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11
Q

Foliate papillae

A

Margins of tongue, go away after childhood

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12
Q

Filiform papillae

A

Roughness of tongue, sense textures of food

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13
Q

Taste CN

A

Anterior 2/3 = facial (7)
Posterior 1/3 = glossopharyngeal (9)
Throat & epiglottis = vagus (10)

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14
Q

Outer fibrous layer of eye

A

Dense collagen CT
Sclera
Cornea

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15
Q

Sclera

A

Whites of eyes, shape of eye, muscle attachments

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16
Q

Cornea

A

Main refractory aspect of eye, avascular

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17
Q

Intermediate vascular layer of eye

A

Choroid
Ciliary body
Ciliary process
Ciliary muscles
Zonular fibers
Iris
Lens

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18
Q

Choroid

A

Highly vascularized, pigmented

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19
Q

Ciliary body

A

Anterior portion

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20
Q

Ciliary processes

A

Secrete aqueous humor and vitreous humor

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21
Q

Zonular fibers

A

Oppose ciliary muscles, change lens shape

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22
Q

Ciliary muscle

A

Change tension on zonular fibers
Contain constrictor pupillae and dilator pupillae

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23
Q

Contraction of ciliary muscles

A

Zonular fibers relax, lens thickens, near vision

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24
Q

Relaxation of ciliary muscles

A

Zonular fibers constrict, lens thins, far vision

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25
Q

Constrictor pupillae

A

Constrict, circle around iris, parasympathetic innervation

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26
Q

Dilator pupillae

A

Dilate, radial around iris, sympathetic innervation

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27
Q

Iris

A

Colored part of eye, controls pupil size

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28
Q

Lens

A

Made up of crystalline, refractive

29
Q

Inner neural layer of eye

A

3 layers separated by 2 zones
Photoreceptor, bipolar, ganglion layers
Outer and inner plexiform

30
Q

Photoreceptor layer

A

Contains rods and cones, detects light, near back of eye

31
Q

Bipolar layer

A

Relay to ganglion
Contain horizontal and amacrine cells

32
Q

Ganglion layer

A

Output to thalamus, becomes optic nerve, exits at optic disc

33
Q

Optic nerve

A

Travels with ophthalmic artery and central retinal vein

34
Q

Retina

A

Pigment and neural layer
Covers 3/4 of back of eye
Contains macula lutea

35
Q

Macula lutea

A

Yellow spot with less blood vessels

36
Q

Fovea

A

Within macula lutes, only cones, highest acuity

37
Q

Interior of eye

A

2 fluid filled cavities, separated by lens

38
Q

Anterior cavity

A

Between cornea and lens
Made up of two chambers

39
Q

Anterior chamber of anterior cavity

A

Between cornea and lens, aqueous humor flows thru

40
Q

Posterior chamber of anterior cavity

A

Behind iris, before lens

41
Q

Aqueous humor

A

Made in cilliary processes
Flows thru iris, lens, pupil, anterior chamber and drains into scleral venous sinus

42
Q

Vitreous humor

A

Made in ciliary process, supports lens

43
Q

Visual pathways

A

Cornea
Lens
Photoreceptors
Ganglion
Retina
Optic nerve
Optic chiasm
Optic tract
Thalamus - LGN
Primary visual cortex

44
Q

External ear

A

Collects sound
Made up of auricle/pinna = cartilage
Contains cerumen = earwax
Opening of internal acoustic meatus
Ends at tympanic membrane

45
Q

Middle ear

A

Conveys vibration
Air filled cavity
Contains ossicles
Contains 2 muscles
Contains auditory/Eustachian tube

46
Q

Ossicles

A

Malleus, incus, stapes
Joined by synovial joint

47
Q

Stapes

A

Fits into oval window

48
Q

Tensor tympani

A

Limit movement, increase tension (CN5)

49
Q

Stapedius

A

Dampens vibration, protects oval window (CN7)

50
Q

Internal ear

A

Receptors for hearing and equilibrium
Outer bony labyrinth and inner membranous labyrinth
Cochlea

51
Q

Outer bony labyrinth

A

Lined with periosteum and perilymph

52
Q

Inner membranous labyrinth

A

Tubes filled with endolymph

53
Q

Cochlea

A

Contains 3 tubes
Cochlear duct/scala media
Scala vestiboli
Scala tympani

54
Q

Cochlear duct/scala media

A

Filled with endolymph
Separated from scala vestibuli by vestibular membrane

55
Q

Scala vestibuli

A

Ends at oval window, perilymph
Separated from scala media by vestibular membrane
Separated from scala tympani by basilar membrane

56
Q

Scala tympani

A

Ends at round window, perilymph
Separated from scala vestibuli by basilar membrane

57
Q

Auditory pathway (within ear)

A

External ear
Eardrum
Ossicles
Oval window
Scala vestibuli
Scala tympani
Cochlear duct
Basilar membrane
Round window

58
Q

Inner hair cells

A

Contained in basilar membrane, synapse with neurons
Microvilli been and hit tectorial membrane, release neurotransmitter

59
Q

Outer hair cells

60
Q

Pitch

A

Site on basilar membrane

61
Q

Loudness

62
Q

Basilar membrane

A

Hi frequency, hi pitch, stiff, smaller end
Lo frequency, lo pitch, flexible, wider end

63
Q

Auditory pathway (neural)

A

Inner hair cells
Spiral ganglion
Cochlear nuclei in brain stem
Thalamus (MGN)
1ary auditory cortex

64
Q

Vestibular sense

A

Involves saccule, utricle, semicircular canals
Sense static and dynamic equilibrium

65
Q

Otolithic membrane

A

Made up of glycoproteins and and otoliths (calcium carbonate stones)
Sits on top of hair cells

66
Q

Movement of otoliths and membranes

A

Signal vestibular ganglion

67
Q

Maculae

A

Within utricle and saccule
Hair cells with stereo cilia and kinocilium

68
Q

Semicircular canals

A

90 degrees to each other
Determine acceleration
Contain cupular cap which bends hair cells
Contain endolymph

69
Q

Vestibular pathway

A

Hair cells
Vestibular ganglion
Vestibular nuclei in brain stem
Thalamus (VPN)
1ary sensory cortex

Anatomy 403 (13 decks)

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