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Anatomy 403 > MSK 1 > Flashcards

MSK 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Components of skeletal system

A

Osseous tissue
Cartilage
Dense CT
Marrow
Neurovasculature

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2
Q

Osseous tissue

A

Mineralized CT
Organic = collagen - flexibility
Inorganic = minerals - hardness

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3
Q

Cartilage

A

Mostly hyaline
Function as joints or bone ossification
Avascular

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4
Q

Dense CT

A

Periosteum
Tendons
Ligaments

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5
Q

Marrow

A

Yellow and red

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6
Q

Yellow bone marrow

A

Stores adipocytes, supports blood vessels and cells

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7
Q

Red bone marrow

A

In fetus and first few years
Hemopoietic - blood forming
Later become yellow marrow
Some stay red like spine, sternum, wrists

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8
Q

Neurovasculature

A

Arteries - carry oxygenated blood away from heart
Veins - carry deoxygenated blood back to heart

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9
Q

Tensile strength/force

A

Stretching

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10
Q

Compressive strength/force

A

Compressing

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11
Q

Shear strength/force

A

Pulling in opposite directions

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12
Q

Axial skeleton

A

Bones in center/midline of body such as spine, neck, head, pelvic

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13
Q

Appendicular skeleton

A

Limbs
Come out from middle

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14
Q

Long bones

A

Articular cartilage
Ephysis
Metaphysis - contain ephyseal plate/line
Diaphysis

Periosteum
Medullary cavity
Endosteum

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15
Q

Diaphysis

A

Shaft of bone

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16
Q

Ephysis

A

Ends of bone

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17
Q

Metaphysis

A

In between diaphysis and ephysis

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18
Q

Ephyseal plate

A

Starts as hyaline cartilage joint - synchondrosis
Allows growth
With age become ephyseal line

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19
Q

Articular cartilage

A

Thin layer of hyaline. remaining after cartilage model bone ossification

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20
Q

Periosteum

A

Outer surface of bone with inner osteogenic layer and outer fibrous layer

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21
Q

Medullar cavity

A

Contains bone marrow and blood vessels

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22
Q

Endosteum

A

Layer of cells lining medullary cavity and trabeculae

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23
Q

Cells associated with osseous tissue

A

Osteogenic cells
Osteoblasts
Osteocytes
Osteoclasts

24
Q

Osteogenic cells

A

Bone stem cells derived from mesenchyme, able to divide, later become osteoblasts

25
Q

Osteoblasts

A

Build bone, create collagen fibers

26
Q

Osteocytes

A

Maintain metabolism

27
Q

Osteoclasts

A

Consume bone through releasee of enzymes and acids
Formed through fusion of WBC

28
Q

ECM

A

Surround cells
Mineral (hydroxyapatite) + collagen fibers + water

29
Q

Compact bone

A

Bending strength
External layers
Mostly diaphyses
Cortical, dense

30
Q

Spongy

A

Compress strength
Internal filling
Mostly short, flat bones
Trabecullar, cancellous

31
Q

Compact bone features

A
  • organized as osteons along lines of stress
  • concentric lamallae
  • perforating canals around neurovasculature
  • circumferential lamellae line
32
Q

Spongy bone features

A
  • Made up of trabecullae along lines of stress
  • Contain concentric lamellae and osteophytes
  • Large space filled with bone marrow
33
Q

Bone formation

A

Around 6 weeks, from mesechymal skeleton
Intramembraneous ossification vs endochondral ossification

34
Q

Intramembraneous ossification

A

Mesenchyme to bone
Mostly for flat bones of skull, facial, mandible, clavicle
Widening and thickening

35
Q

Endochondral ossification

A

Mesenchyme to cartilage model to bone
Most bones from this way

36
Q

Ossification

A

Formation of bone

37
Q

Cartilage model

A

Chondroblasts create hyaline cartilage

38
Q

Interstitial growth

A

Growth from within, length wise

39
Q

Appositional growth

A

Growth from outer surface, thickness

40
Q

Bone remodeling

A

Balance between osteoblasts and osteoclasts

41
Q

Minerals

A

Calcium and phosphorous - minerals, hardness

42
Q

Vitamin D

A

Calcitriol - helps absorption of calcium

43
Q

Vitamin C

A

Important for collagen synthesis

44
Q

Calcitonin

A

Decrease blood calcium, inhibits osteoclasts, activates osteoblasts

45
Q

Parathyroid hormone (PTH)

A

Increase blood calcium, inhibit osteoblasts, activate osteoclasts

46
Q

Sex hormones

A

Promote bone lengthening

47
Q

Human growth hormone

A

Overall bone growth

48
Q

Types of fractures

A

Open vs closed
Comminuated
Impacted
Greenstick

49
Q

Comminuated fracture

A

Crumbled or shattered

50
Q

Impacted fracture

A

Bone pressed into each other

51
Q

Greenstick fracture

A

Partial, juvenile

52
Q

Repair of fracture

A

Open reduction = surgical
Closed reduction = manual

53
Q

Aging of osseous tissue

A

Decreased minerals - loss of bone mass
Decreased collagen - brittleness

54
Q

Osteoporosis

A

reabsorption > deposition
bone pain, easier to fracture

55
Q

Osteoporosis risk factors

A

Older women
Smaller build
Sedentary lifestyle

Anatomy 403 (13 decks)

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